http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/1773 http://dspace.mit.edu:80/retrieve/1237 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/1773 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41856 Epilogue - Beyond Pollution Control and Prevention: Sustainable Development Ashford, Nicholas Currently several environmental problems face both industrialized and developing nations. These include (1) chemical pollution, (2) climate change, (3) resource and energy depletion, and (4) the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. While often addressed separately, all four of these environmental problems are related to advancing industrialization, population growth, and the globalization of production and commerce. Societies that produce and consume more also tend to deplete more natural resources, create more pollution, produce more greenhouse gases, and have a relatively greater adverse impact on the ecosystem. In addition, the interconnectedness of nations through globalization has produced ‘‘lock-in’’ of, and dependence on, a particular development model. We believe that this model needs thoughtful reexamination. Mon, 29 Oct 2007 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41854 The Economic and Social Context of Special Populations Ashford, Nicholas Thu, 29 Oct 1998 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41853 Epilogue—Beyond Pollution Control and Prevention: Ashford, Nicholas Caldart, Charles Environmental Law, Policy and Economics: Reclaiming the Environmental Agenda Mon, 29 Oct 2007 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41852 Sustainable Development and Globalization: New Challenges and Opportunities for Work Organization Ashford, Nicholas The relationship between industrialization and its effects on the environment has captured the serious attention of national governments and international organizations, especially in light of increasing globalization. Sustainability in products, processes, and services has been increasingly emphasized by placing environment at the center of some industrial transformations -- or at least on a par with competitiveness. The key to environmental sustainability was recognized early as involving the design and implementation of environmentally sound products, processes and services, rather than addressing environmental concerns as an afterthought in industrial systems. At the same time as the environment has become more important in economic policy, European, as well as American, industrial economies have also begun to pay attention to the restructuring of labour markets reflecting changes brought about emerging technologies, new environmental priorities, and globalization. However, policies has been largely reactive, rather than proactive towards new job creation and better organization of work. Just as thinking about environment after industrial development is planned and implemented does not optimize environmental quality, consideration of labour concerns also requires deliberate and intelligent actions before embarking on industrialization efforts in guiding industrial transformations. The recent downturn of the extraordinary long economic boom might be expected to reveal fundamental structural employment problems in the industrialized world. It is likely that employment considerations will be the central issue in the coming decade for countries in the expanding European Union, and will influence the nature and direction of (re)industrialization and the growth of the service economy. It is therefore timely to explore options and opportunities for co-optimizing economic development (competitiveness), environmental quality, and labour/employment concerns, all of which have implications for the organization of work. Wed, 29 Oct 2003 22:58:59 GMT