http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/18193 Tue, 21 May 2013 12:46:36 GMT 2013-05-21T12:46:36Z http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65100 Steam generator tube rupture study Free, Scott Thomas; Schor, Andrei L. This report describes our investigation of steam generator behavior during a postulated tube rupture accident. Our study was performed using the steam generator, thermal-hydraulic analysis code THERMIT-UTSG. The purpose of our work was to provide an independent assessment of the Los Alamos National Laboratory system code TRAC-PF1 with respect to steam generator tube rupture analysis. Results of our work are presented and compared with previous TRAC-PF1 results. There are substantial differences in the results of the two codes. These discrepancies are discussed and deficiencies in both codes are noted. Our results lead us to believe that further investigation and code development are necessary to gain more than a basic understanding of steam generator behavior during such accidents and to provide a simulation capability that is acceptable. Wed, 01 Jan 1986 05:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65100 1986-01-01T05:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60651 Final report on Canadian-U.S. natural gas trade http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60651 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60650 Economic predictions for heat mining : a review and analysis of hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal energy technology Tester, Jefferson W.; Herzog, Howard J. The main objectives of this study were first, to review and analyze several economic assessments of Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy systems, and second, to reformulate an economic model for HDR with revised cost components.; A general evaluation of the technical feasibility of HDR technology components was also conducted in view of their importance in establishing drilling and reservoir performance parameters required for any economic assessment (see Sections 2-5). In our review, only economic projections for base load electricity produced from HDR systems were considered. Bases of 1989 dollars ($) were selected to normalize costs.; Following the evaluation of drilling and reservoir performance, power plant choices and cost estimates are discussed in Section 6. In Section 7, the six economic studies cited earlier are reviewed and compared in terms of their key resource, reservoir and plant performance, and cost assumptions. Based on these comparisons, we have estimated parameters for three composite cases. Important parameters include: (1) resource quality--average geothermal gradient (oC/km) and well depth, (2) reservoir performance--effective productivity, flow impedance, and lifetime (thermal drawdown rate), (3) cost components--drilling, reservoir formation, and power plant costs and (4) economic factors--discount and interest rates, taxes, etc. In Section 8, composite case conditions were used to reassess economic projections for HDRproduced electricity. In Section 9, a generalized economic model for HDR-produced electricity is presented to show the effects of resource grade, reservoir performance parameters, and other important factors on projected costs. A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis using this model is given in Section 10. Section 11 treats a modification of the economic model for predicting costs for direct, non-electric applications. HDR economic projections for the U.S. are broken down by region in Section 12. In Section 13, we provide recommendations for continued research and development to reduce technical and economic uncertainties relevant to the commercialization of HDR. Mon, 01 Jan 1990 05:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60650 1990-01-01T05:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60649 Modelling energy-economy interactions in small developing countries : a case study of Sri Lanka Blitzer, Charles R.; Eckaus, Richard S. This report is addressed at modelling energy-economy interactions in small developing countries, those with populations less than 20 million or so and where neither the industrial or energy sectors are dominant. The overall objectives of the research were to learn more about how energy-economy interactions can be usefully modelled for policy purposes, to compare the pros and cons of alternative methods which have been used previously, and to test the feasibility of utilizing simple general equilibrium models by constructing an illustrative model for Sri Lanka.; Various approaches to energy policy analysis--project evaluation, technology assessment, energy sector assessment, macro simulation models, economy-wide optimization models, and computable general equilibrium models-- are surveyed and critically reviewed. A major deficiency of all but the latter two is their failure to account for the important two-way interactions between energy and the rest of the economy which are common in developing countries.; The latter models are general in scope and can include the important energy-economy relationships. Since the computable general equilibrium models are somewhat easier to formulate and solve, they seen most appropriate for the type of countries under consideration. These types of models can analyze a large number of interrelated issues such as: the impact of energy costs and prices on aggregate growth and its sectoral composition; the relationship between energy imports, investment rates, and the balance of payments; the scope for substitution between energy and other factors of substitution; and the effect of energy prices on income distribution and employment.; The Sri Lanka model is meant to illustrate how a simple computable general equilibrium model focussing on these issues can be built rather quickly in a situation with substantial data limitations. The model was constructed with data from existing sources, supplemented by some minimal econometric estimation, and was designed to run on a personal computer.; The model includes eleven sectors: (1) paddy and other annual agricultural crops; (2) tree crops; (3) industry; (4) transportation: (5) housing; (6) services; (7) refined petroleum products; (8) electricity; (9) non-competing imports; (10) crude oil: and (11) traditional fuels. Prices determine factor allocations, production, and final demands. Trade flows are adjusted to ensure that total supply equals total usage. For the tradable goods, prices are exogenous. Electricity prices also are set by government policy. The model calculates prices for transportation and housing which insure supply/demand equilibrium for these non-traded sectors. The model is "closed" by specifying a rule for relating aggregate investment and the balance of payments deficit to national income (GDP). In some cases, the trade deficit is fixed in terms of GDP, and in others aggregate investment is fixed as a share of national income.; Starting from a base year of 1983, the model simulates developments through 1989. Several alternative solutions are discussed to demonstrate how parametric changes can show the sensitivity of key variables to changes in prices, economic policy, and the external environment. Tue, 01 Jan 1985 05:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60649 1985-01-01T05:00:00Z