http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29795 Tue, 21 May 2013 18:25:49 GMT 2013-05-21T18:25:49Z http://dspace.mit.edu:80/bitstream/id/54087/MVL-logo2.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29795 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78688 MVL@50: Historical photos of MIT Man Vehicle Lab 1962-2012 Oman, Charles; Young, Laurence; Newman, Dava; Hoffman, Jeffrey; Zotos, Elizabeth Historical photos shown at 50th anniversary celebration of the MIT Man Vehicle Laboratory Photographs shown at 50th Anniversary celebration of the MIT Man Vehicle Laboratory, September 14, 2012 Mon, 06 May 2013 04:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78688 2013-05-06T04:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78687 Oman 65th program, photos and letters Young, Laurence; Zotos, Elizabeth 2009 Program, letters and photos from CM Oman's 65th birthday symposium Program, letters and photo archive from MVL Director CM Oman's 65th birthday symposium, March 5 in 37-252 Mon, 06 May 2013 04:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78687 2013-05-06T04:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78686 40 Years of MIT MVL Memories Oman, Charles 385 photos shown at May 2009 symposium honoring MVL Director C.M. Oman Shows MIT aero astro colleagues and students, and NASA, NSBRI, USN and USAF collaborators between 1996-2009 Mon, 06 May 2013 04:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78686 2013-05-06T04:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37337 Spatial orientation and navigation in microgravity Oman, Charles M. This chapter summarizes the spatial disorientation problems and navigation difficulties described by astronauts and cosmonauts, and relates them to research findings on orientation and navigation in humans and animals. Spacecraft crew are uniquely free to float in any relative orientation with respect to the cabin, and experience no vestibular and haptic cues that directly indicate the direction of “down”. They frequently traverse areas with inconsistently aligned visual vertical cues. As a result, most experience “Visual Reorientation Illusions” (VRIs) where the spacecraft floors, walls and ceiling surfaces exchange subjective identities. The illusion apparently results from a sudden reorientation of the observer’s allocentric reference frame. Normally this frame realigns to local interior surfaces, but in some cases it can jump to the Earth beyond, as with “Inversion Illusions” and EVA height vertigo. These perceptual illusions make it difficult for crew to maintain a veridical perception of orientation and place within the spacecraft, make them more reliant upon landmark and route strategies for 3D navigation, and can trigger space motion sickness. This chapter distinguishes VRIs and Inversion Illusions, based on firsthand descriptions from Vostok, Apollo, Skylab, Mir, Shuttle and International Space Station crew. Theories on human “gravireceptor” and “idiotropic” biases, visual “frame” and “polarity” cues, top-down processing effects on object orientation perception, mental rotation and “direction vertigo” are discussed and related to animal experiments on limbic head direction and place cell responses. It is argued that the exchange in perceived surface identity characteristic of human VRIs is caused by a reorientation of the unseen allocentric navigation plane used by CNS mechanisms coding place and direction, as evidenced in the animal models. Human VRI susceptibility continues even on long flights, perhaps because our orientation and navigation mechanisms evolved to principally support 2D navigation. Manuscript for Spatial Processing in Navigation, Imagery and Perception, F. Mast and L. Janeke, eds. Tue, 15 May 2007 21:08:53 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37337 2007-05-15T21:08:53Z