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Molecular mediators of cardiac-specific enhancer activation
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Understanding how transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression programs is critical for determining the genetic pathways responsible for development. Heart development is particularly sensitive to precise control ...
Tool development for the rapid identification of microbiome manipulating agents
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Manipulation of complex microbial communities, such as human microbiomes, plays a critical role in the study and treatment of microbiome associated diseases. However, the tools available to perform microbiome manipulations ...
Characterizing the ecology of coral reef microorganisms across different scales within the Caribbean
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Microorganisms sustain the high productivity of coral reefs and support one of the most diverse, valuable, and threatened ecosystems on Earth. Despite the importance of reef microorganisms, there is a lack of understanding ...
Intersubunit communication and coordinated mechanical activity in the AAA+ protease ClpXP
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Proteases belonging to the AAA+ (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) family perform regulated proteolysis in all domains of life by binding, mechanically unfolding, and degrading target proteins. The ...
Structural characterization of glycyl radical enzymes in the human gut microbiome
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Anaerobic bacteria play important roles in the human gut microbiome and have dedicated chemical pathways for growth in the absence of oxygen. Glycyl radical enzymes (GREs) use an oxygen-sensitive glycyl radical cofactor ...
The spatial organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and cell divisions promotes tissue morphogenesis
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
During embryonic development, epithelial tissues grow and become sculpted into complex shapes through highly coordinated cell behaviors, such as cell shape change and cell division. Both processes involve contractile forces ...
Functions of alternative ClpP subunits in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Proteolysis is the process by which proteins are broken down, or hydrolyzed, into small peptides or amino acids by enzymes. Cells from all forms of life carry out regulated protein degradation as a way to control cellular ...
Keep the ORCs at bay : how eukaryotic cells ensure one round of DNA replication per cell cycle
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
During each cell cycle, eukaryotic cells must faithfully replicate their genome, ensuring exactly one full copy is made. Both under-replicating or over-replicating the genome can have deleterious consequences including ...
Insights into gene regulation by genome structure, phase separation and developmental signaling
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Proper regulation of gene expression is essential to the developmental processes that give rise to hundreds of different cell types with unique cellular identities. Regulation of protein-coding and long non-coding RNA genes ...
Characterizing the landscape of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase protein production in Bacillus subtilis
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
The phenotype of a cell is a consequence of both the identity of the genes in the genome and the magnitude of their expression into proteins. While the biochemical function of many proteins has been uncovered, for most it ...