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Aridification of the Indian subcontinent during the Holocene : implications for landscape evolution, sedimentation, carbon cycle, and human civilizations
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
The Indian monsoon affects the livelihood of over one billion people. Despite the importance of climate to society, knowledge of long-term monsoon variability is limited. This thesis provides Holocene records of monsoon ...
Insights into vitamin B₁₂ production, acquisition, and use by marine microbes
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
The distribution and magnitude of marine primary production helps determine the ocean's role in global carbon cycling. Constraining factors that impact this productivity and elucidating selective pressures that drive the ...
The centennial and millennial variability of the IndoPacific warm pool and the Indonesian Throughflow
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
As the only low-latitude connection between ocean basins, the Indonesian Throughflow allows the direct transmission of heat and salinity between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Despite its potential importance, the role of ...
Influences on the oceanic biogeochemical cycling of the hybrid-type metals, cobalt, iron, and manganese
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
Trace metal cycling is one of many processes that influence ocean ecosystem dynamics. Cobalt, iron, and manganese are redox active trace metal micro-nutrients with oceanic distributions that are influenced by both biological ...
The effect of stratification on wind-driven, cross-shelf circulation and transport on the inner continental shelf
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
Observations from a three-year field program on the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard, MA and a numerical model are used to describe the effect of stratification on inner shelf circulation, transport, and sediment ...
Earthquake behavior and structure of oceanic transform faults
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
Oceanic transform faults that accommodate strain at mid-ocean ridge offsets represent a unique environment for studying fault mechanics. Here, I use seismic observations and models to explore how fault structure affects ...
Constraining circulation changes through the last deglaciation with deep-sea coral radiocarbon and sedimentary ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
Radioactive isotopes can be used in paleoceanography both for dating samples and as tracers of ocean processes. Here I use radiocarbon and uranium series isotopes to investigate the ocean's role in climate change over the ...
Hydrological and biogeochemical cycling along the Greenland ice sheet margin
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
Global warming has led to a significant increase in Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) melt and runoff since 1990, resulting in escalated export of fresh water and associated sediment to the surrounding North Atlantic and Arctic ...
Determining timescales of natural carbonation of peridotite in the Samail Ophiolite, Sultanate of Oman
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
Determining timescales of the formation and preservation of carbonate alteration products in mantle peridotite is important in order to better understand the role of this potentially important sink in the global carbon ...
Advanced geophysical studies of accretion of oceanic lithosphere in Mid-Ocean Ridges characterized by contrasting tectono-magmatic settings
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
The structure of the oceanic lithosphere results from magmatic and extensional processes taking place at mid-ocean ridges (MORs). The temporal and spatial scales of the variability of these two processes control the degree ...