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Keep the ORCs at bay : how eukaryotic cells ensure one round of DNA replication per cell cycle
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
During each cell cycle, eukaryotic cells must faithfully replicate their genome, ensuring exactly one full copy is made. Both under-replicating or over-replicating the genome can have deleterious consequences including ...
Characterizing the landscape of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase protein production in Bacillus subtilis
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
The phenotype of a cell is a consequence of both the identity of the genes in the genome and the magnitude of their expression into proteins. While the biochemical function of many proteins has been uncovered, for most it ...
Molecular mediators of cardiac-specific enhancer activation
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Understanding how transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression programs is critical for determining the genetic pathways responsible for development. Heart development is particularly sensitive to precise control ...
Engineering probiotic microbes for in vivo applications
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Our overall goal is to engineer probiotic microbes as localized diagnostic and therapeutic tools for diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, like inflammatory bowel disease. Current treatments often rely on systemic ...
Dynamic regulation and functions of locus-specific DNA methylation
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
The role and regulation of DNA methylation at various genetic elements have gathered tremendous interest over decades. The methylomes of many cell types have been described, revealing a dynamic and tissue-specific pattern ...
Choices in regeneration: position and fate
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Positional information is required for animal regeneration, yet how it is harbored in adult tissues is poorly understood. In planarians, positional control genes (PCGs) control regeneration outcomes and are regionally ...
The spatial organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and cell divisions promotes tissue morphogenesis
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
During embryonic development, epithelial tissues grow and become sculpted into complex shapes through highly coordinated cell behaviors, such as cell shape change and cell division. Both processes involve contractile forces ...
Enhancers and phase separation in the control of gene expression
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Gene regulation underlies the control of cell identity, development, and disease. Transcription of genes is regulated by DNA elements called enhancers, which are bound by transcription factors and coactivators, leading to ...
Structural characterization of glycyl radical enzymes in the human gut microbiome
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Anaerobic bacteria play important roles in the human gut microbiome and have dedicated chemical pathways for growth in the absence of oxygen. Glycyl radical enzymes (GREs) use an oxygen-sensitive glycyl radical cofactor ...
A quantitative view of Y-chromosome gene expression across the human body
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Human Y-chromosome genes have long been known to play pivotal roles in two biological processes--sex determination and spermatogenesis. Recent studies have uncovered evidence that Y-chromosome genes also perform important ...