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Energy intake of individuals affects growth of organisms and, therefore, populations. Persistent lipophilic toxicants acquired with the energy can bioaccumulate and harm individuals. Marine mammals are particularly vulnerable ...

The human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, pIgR, is a glycosylated type I transmembrane protein expressed on the basolateral surface of secretory epithelial cells. pIgR plays a key role in mucosal immunity and, together ...

The class A and B synthetic multivulva (synMuv) genes of C. elegans redundantly antagonize an EGF/Ras pathway to prevent ectopic vulval induction. The class B synMuv genes encode many proteins known to remodel chromatin ...

All cells in a multicellular organism carry the same genes, yet these same genes direct the differentiation of many different cell types. This is facilitated by differential gene expression, the control of which can be ...

The evolution of drug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms is typically viewed as an inevitable consequence of the selective pressures imposed by antimicrobial agents. However, although certain drugs rapidly lose efficacy ...

For cells and organisms to survive, they must maintain protein homeostasis in varied and often harsh environments. Cells utilize proteases and chaperones to maintain their proteomes. In bacteria, most cytosolic proteolysis ...

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that are normally found stably integrated into bacterial chromosomes, but under certain situations can excise and transfer to a recipient cell through ...