Browsing Center for Global Change Science by Title

Now showing items 107-126 of 337

    • The effects on developing countries of the Kyoto Protocol and CO₂ emissions trading 

      Ellerman, A. Denny.; Jacoby, Henry D.; Decaux, Annelène. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 1998-11)
      This paper examines the effect of the Kyoto Protocol on developing economies using marginal abatement curves generated by MIT's Emissions Prediction and Policy Assessment model (EPPA). In particular, the paper addresses ...

    • Electricity Generation and Emissions Reduction Decisions under Policy Uncertainty: A General Equilibrium Analysis 

      Morris, J.; Webster, M.; Reilly, J. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2014-04)
      The electric power sector, which accounts for approximately 40% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, will be a critical component of any policy the U.S. government pursues to confront climate change. In the context of uncertainty ...

    • Electricity Investments under Technology Cost Uncertainty and Stochastic Technological Learning 

      Morris, Jennifer; Webster, Mort; Reilly, John (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2016-05-10)
      Given that electricity generation investments are expected to operate for 40 or more years, the decisions we make today can have long-term impacts on the electricity system and the ability and cost of meeting long-term ...

    • Emissions Pricing to Stablize Global Climate 

      Bosetti, V.; Paltsev, S.; Reilly, J.; Carraro, C. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2012-03)
      In the absence of significant greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, many analysts project that atmospheric concentrations of species identified for control in the Kyoto protocol could exceed 1000 ppm (carbon-dioxide-equivalent) ...

    • Emissions trading to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the United States : the McCain-Lieberman Proposal 

      Paltsev, Sergey.; Reilly, John M.; Jacoby, Henry D.; Ellerman, A. Denny.; Tay, Kok Hou. (2003-06)
      The Climate Stewardship Act of 2003 (S. 139) is the most detailed effort to date to design an economy-wide cap-and-trade system for US greenhouse gas emissions reductions. The Act caps sectors at their 2000 emissions in ...

    • Emulating maize yields from global gridded crop models using statistical estimates 

      Blanc, E.; Sultan, B. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2015-03)
      This study estimates statistical models emulating maize yield responses to changes in temperature and precipitation simulated by global gridded crop models. We use the unique and newly-released Inter-Sectoral Impact ...

    • The Energy and CO2 Emissions Impact of Renewable Energy Development in China 

      Zhang, X.; Qi, T.; Karplus, V.J. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2013-04)
      China’s recently-adopted targets for developing renewable electricity—wind, solar, and biomass—would require expansion on an unprecedented scale in China and relative to existing global installations. An important question ...

    • The Energy and Economic Impacts of Expanding International Emissions Trading 

      Qi, Tianyu; Winchester, Niven; Karplus, Valerie; Zhang, Xiliang (MIT Joint Program, 2013-08-21)
      Emissions trading systems are recognized as a cost-effective way to facilitate emissions abatement and are expected to play an important role in international cooperation for global climate mitigation. Starting from the ...

    • Energy Conservation in the United States: Understanding its Role in Climate Policy 

      Metcalf, Gilbert E. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2006-08)
      Efforts to reduce carbon emissions significantly will require considerable improvements in energy intensity, the ratio of energy consumption to economic activity. Improvements in energy intensity over the past thirty years ...

    • Energy Scenarios for East Asia: 2005-2025 

      Paltsev, Sergey; Reilly, John M. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2007-06)
      We describe several scenarios for economic development and energy use in East Asia based on the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. Historic ...

    • Equity and Emissions Trading in China 

      Zhang, D.; Springmann, M.; Karplus, V.J. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2014-02)
      China has embarked on an ambitious pathway for establishing a national carbon market in the next five to ten years. In this study, we analyze the distributional aspects of a Chinese emissions-trading scheme from ethical, ...

    • Estimated PDFs of Climate System Properties Including Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings 

      Forest, Chris Eliot.; Stone, Peter H.; Sokolov, Andrei P. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2005-09)
      We present revised probability density functions (PDF) for climate system properties (climate sensitivity, rate of deep-ocean heat uptake, and the net aerosol forcing strength) that include the effect on 20th century ...

    • Estimating Probability Distributions from Complex Models with Bifurcations: The Case of Ocean Circulation Collapse 

      Webster, Mort David.; Scott, Jeffery.; Sokolov, Andrei P.; Stone, Peter H. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2006-03)
      Studying the uncertainty in computationally expensive models has required the development of specialized methods, including alternative sampling techniques and response surface approaches. However, existing techniques for ...

    • Estimating the Economic Cost of Sea-Level Rise 

      Sugiyama, Masahiro.; Nicholls, Robert J.; Vafeidis, Athanasios (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2008-04)
      To improve the estimate of economic costs of future sea-level rise associated with global climate change, this report generalizes the sea-level rise cost function originally proposed by Fankhauser, and applies it to a ...

    • Estimating the potential of U.S. urban infrastructure albedo enhancement as climate mitigation in the face of climate variability 

      Xu, L.; Monier, E.; Schlosser, A.; Kirchain, R.; Gregory, J. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2017-09)
      The climate mitigation potential of U.S. urban infrastructure albedo enhancement is explored using multidecadal regional climate simulations. Increasing albedo from 0.2 to 0.4 results in summer daytime surface temperature ...

    • The European Carbon Market in Action: Lessons from the First Trading Period Interim Report 

      Convery, Frank; Ellerman, A. Denny; De Perthuis, Christian (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2008-06)
      The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the largest greenhouse gas market ever established. The European Union is leading the world's first effort to mobilize market forces to tackle climate change. A precise ...

    • The EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme: A Prototype Global System? 

      Ellerman, A. Denny (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2009-02)
      The European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the world's first multinational cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gases. As an agreement between sovereign nations with diverse historical, institutional, and ...

    • Evaluating India’s climate targets: the implications of economy-wide and sector specific policies 

      Singh, Arun; Winchester, Niven Stewart; Karplus, Valerie Jean (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2018-03)
      We employ a numerical economy-wide model of India with energy sector detail to simulate the impact of India’s commitments to the Paris Climate Agreement. We simulate targets for reducing CO2 emissions intensity of GDP via ...

    • Evaluating the Use of Ocean Models of Different Complexity in Climate Change Studies 

      Sokolov, Andrei P.; Dutkiewicz, Stephanie.; Stone, Peter H.; Scott, Jeffery. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2005-11)
      The study of the uncertainties in future climate projections requires large ensembles of simulations with different values of model characteristics that define its response to external forcing. These characteristic include ...

    • The evolution of a climate regime: Kyoto to Marrakech 

      Babiker, Mustafa H.M.; Jacoby, Henry D.; Reilly, John M.; Reiner, David M. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2002-02)
      At meetings in Bonn and Marrakech in 2001, the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change broke through an impasse on the detailed provisions needed to allow the Kyoto Protocol to enter into ...