Browsing Center for Global Change Science by Title
Now showing items 176-195 of 337
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Impacts of CO2 Mandates for New Cars in the European Union
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2015-05)CO2 emissions mandates for new light-duty passenger vehicles have recently been adopted in the European Union (EU), which require steady reductions to 95 g CO2/km in 2021. Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, ... -
Impacts of Land Use and Biofuels Policy on Climate: Temperature and Localized Impacts
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2012-08-06)The impact on climate of future land use and energy policy scenarios is explored using two landuse frameworks: (i) Pure Cost Conversion Response (PCCR), or 'extensification', where the price of land is the only constraint ... -
Implementation of a Cloud Radiative Adjustment Method to Change the Climate Sensitivity of CAM3
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2011-08)Conducting probabilistic climate projections with a particular climate model requires the ability to vary the model’s characteristics, such as its climate sensitivity. In this study, we implement and validate a method to ... -
Implications of Climate Science for Policy
(MIT Joint Program, 2013-07-18)Climate change presents the greatest challenge ever faced by our domestic and international institutions, and a great deal of the difficulty lies in the science of the issue. Because human influence on global climate differs ... -
Incentive-based approaches for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions : issues and prospects for India
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2002-06)As a consequence of the flexibility mechanisms incorporated in the Kyoto Protocol, incentive-based policies such as emissions trading and the clean development mechanism are being widely discussed in the context of greenhouse ... -
Induced technical change and the cost of climate policy
(2003-09)This paper investigates the potential for a carbon tax to induce R&D, and for the consequent induced technical change (ITC) to lower the macroeconomic cost of abating carbon emissions. ITC is modelled within a general ... -
Influence of Air Quality Model Resolution on Uncertainty Associated With Health Impacts
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2011-12)We evaluate the uncertainty associated with regional air quality modeling grid resolution when calculating the health benefits of proposed air quality regulations. Using a regional photochemical model (CAMx), we ran two ... -
The Influence of Gas-to-Liquids and Natural Gas Production Technology Penetration on the Crude Oil-Natural Gas Price Relationship
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2015-12)The paper examines conditions under which gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology penetration shifts the crude oil-natural gas price ratio. Technologies that enable direct substitution across fuels, as GTL does, may constrain the ... -
The Influence of Shale gas on U.S. Energy and Environmental Policy
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2011-11)The emergence of U.S. shale gas resources to economic viability affects the nation’s energy outlook and the expected role of natural gas in climate policy. Even in the face of the current shale gas boom, however, questions ... -
The Influence on Climate Change of Differing Scenarios for Future Development Analyzed Using the MIT Integrated Global System Model
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2008-09)A wide variety of scenarios for future development have played significant roles in climate policy discussions. This paper presents projections of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, sea level rise due to thermal expansion ... -
Informing Climate Policy Given Incommensurable Benefits Estimates
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004-02)The determination of long-term goals for climate policy, or of near-term mitigation effort, requires a shared conception among nations of what is at stake. Unfortunately, because of different attitudes to risk, problems ... -
An Integrated Assessment Framework for Uncertainty Studies in Global and Regional Climate Change: The IGSM-CAM
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2012-06-18)This paper describes an integrated assessment framework for uncertainty studies in global and regional climate change. In this framework, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Integrated Global System Model (IGSM), ... -
An Integrated Assessment of China’s Wind Energy Potential
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2014-04)Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models seeking to evaluate the impacts of electricity policy face difficulties incorporating detail on the variable nature of renewable energy resources. To improve the accuracy of ... -
Integrated Economic and Climate Projections for Impact Assessment
(MIT Joint Program, 2013-05)We designed scenarios for impact assessment that explicitly address policy choices and uncertainty in climate response. Economic projections and the resulting greenhouse gas emissions for the “no climate policy” scenario ... -
Integrated global system model for climate policy assessment : feedbacks and sensitivity studies
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 1998-05) -
Interactions among emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change : implications for future trends
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 1997-09) -
Interactive chemistry and climate models in global change studies
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 1999-09)Continually increasing atmospheric concentrations of radiatively important chemical species such as CO2, CH4, N2O, tropospheric O3, and certain halocarbons most likely will cause future climate changes, which could in turn ... -
International Trade in Natural Gas: Golden Age of LNG?
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2014-11)The introduction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an option for international trade has created a market for natural gas where global prices may eventually be differentiated by the transportation costs between world ... -
Interprovincial Migration and the Stringency of Energy Policy in China
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2014-12-02)Interprovincial migration flows involve substantial relocation of people and productive activity, with implications for regional energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. In China, these flows are not explicitly considered ... -
Is Current Irrigation Sustainable in the United States? An Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Water Resources and Irrigated Crop Yields
(MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2016-11)While the impact of climate change on crop yields has been extensively studied, the quantification of water shortages on irrigated crop yields has been regarded as more challenging due to the complexity of the water resources ...