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Browsing Center for Global Change Science by Title

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  • The safety valve and climate policy 
    Jacoby, Henry D.; Ellerman, A. Denny. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2002-02)
    In discussions of a cap-and-trade system for implementation of Kyoto Protocol-type quantity targets, a "safety valve" was proposed where, by government sales of emissions permits at a fixed price, the marginal cost of the ...
  • Same science, differing policies : the saga of global climate change 
    Skolnikoff, Eugene B. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 1997-08)
    This paper provides a comparative analysis of the economic and political interests influencing the progress of climate negotiation. The primary focus is on the U.S., France, Germany, U.K., Belgium, Netherlands, and the ...
  • A semi-empirical representation of the temporal variation of total greenhouse gas levels expressed as equivalent levels of carbon dioxide 
    Cunnold, Derek; Prinn, Ronald G.; Huang, Jin; Wang, Ray (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2009-06)
    In order to examine the underlying longer-term trends in greenhouse gases, that are driven for example by anthropogenic emissions or climate change, it is useful to remove the recurring effects of natural cycles and ...
  • Sensitivities of deep-ocean heat uptake and heat content to surface fluxes and subgrid-scale parameters in an ocean GCM with idealized geometry 
    Huang, Boyin.; Stone, Peter H.; Hill, Christopher. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2002-09)
    Sensitivities of the net heat flux into the deep-ocean (Qnet) and of the deep-ocean heat content (DOC) below 700 m are studied using an ocean general circulation model and its adjoint. Both are found to have very similar ...
  • Sensitivity of Climate Change Projections to Uncertainties in the Estimates of Observed Changes in Deep-Ocean Heat Content 
    Sokolov, Andrei P.; Forest, Chris Eliot; Stone, Peter H. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2008-11)
    The MIT 2D climate model is used to make probabilistic projections for changes in global mean surface temperature and for thermosteric sea level rise under a variety of forcing scenarios. The uncertainties in climate ...
  • Sensitivity of Climate to Diapycnal Diffusivity: Part I. Equilibrium State; Part II. Global Warming Scenario 
    Dalan, Fabio.; Stone, Peter H.; Kamenkovich, Igor V.; Scott, Jeffery.; Sokolov, Andrei P. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004-05)
    Part I: The diapycnal diffusivity in the ocean is one of the least known parameters in current climate models. Measurements of this diffusivity are sparse and insufficient for compiling a global map. Inferences from inverse ...
  • Sequential climate decisions under uncertainty : an integrated framework 
    Valverde, L. James, 1965-; Jacoby, Henry D.; Kaufman, Gordon M. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 1998-09)
    In this paper, we present an integrated framework for structuring and evaluating sequential greenhouse gas abatement policies under uncertainty. The analysis integrates information concerning the magnitude, timing, and ...
  • Shale Gas Production: Potential versus Actual GHG Emissions 
    O'Sullivan, Francis; Paltsev, Sergey (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2012-11)
    Estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shale gas production and use are controversial. Here we assess the level of GHG emissions from shale gas well hydraulic fracturing operations in the United States during ...
  • Sharing the Burden of GHG Reductions 
    Jacoby, Henry D.; Babiker, Mustafa M.H.; Paltsev, Sergey; Reilly, John M. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2008-11)
    The G8 countries propose a goal of a 50% reduction in global emissions by 2050, in an effort that needs to take account of other agreements specifying that developing countries are to be provided with incentives to action ...
  • Simulating the Spatial Distribution of Population and Emissions to 2100 
    Asadoorian, Malcolm O. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2005-05)
    Urbanization and economic development have important implications for many environmental processes including global climate change. Although there is evidence that urbanization depends endogenously on economic variables, ...
  • Stabilization and Global Climate Policy 
    Sarofim, Marcus C.; Forest, Chris Eliot.; Reiner, David M.; Reilly, John M. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004-07)
    Academic and political debates over long-run climate policy often invoke “stabilization” of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), but only rarely are non-CO2 greenhouse gases addressed explicitly. Even ...
  • A Strategy for a Global Observing System for Verification of National Greenhouse Gas Emissions 
    Prinn, Ronald G.; Heimbach, P.; Rigby, Matthew; Dutkiewicz, Stephanie; Melillo, Jerry M.; Reilly, John M.; Kicklighter, David W.; Waugh, Caleb (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2011-06)
    With the risks of climate change becoming increasingly evident, there is growing discussion regarding international treaties and national regulations to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Enforcement of such agreements ...
  • A study of the effects of natural fertility, weather and productive inputs in Chinese agriculture 
    Eckaus, Richard S.; Tso, Katherine Kit-Yan. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 1999-07)
    This paper presents an investigation of the relations in China between farm output, the natural fertility of agricultural land, and the use of anthropogenic farm inputs. The methodology is presented as a potential increment ...
  • Supplementarity : an invitation to monopsony? 
    Ellerman, A. Denny.; Sue Wing, Ian. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2000-04)
    Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol allows Annex B parties to meet their commitments by trading greenhouse gas emissions reductions "supplemental" to domestic emissions control. We demonstrate that implementing supplementarity ...
  • Tax distortions and global climate policy 
    Babiker, Mustafa H.M.; Metcalf, Gilbert E.; Reilly, John M. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2002-05)
    We consider the efficiency implications of policies to reduce global carbon emissions in a world with pre-existing tax distortions. We first show that the weak double dividend, the proposition that the welfare improvement ...
  • Technical Change, Investment and Energy Intensity 
    Kratena, Kurt (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2007-03)
    This paper analyzes the role of different components of technical change on energy intensity by applying a Translog variable cost function setting to the new EU KLEMS dataset for 3 selected EU countries (Italy, Finland and ...
  • Technology and Technical Change in the MIT EPPA Model 
    Jacoby, Henry D.; Reilly, John M.; McFarland, James R.; Paltsev, Sergey. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004-07)
    Potential technology change has a strong influence on projections of greenhouse gas emissions and costs of control, and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are a common device for studying these phenomena. Using ...
  • Technology detail in a multi-sector CGE model : transport under climate policy 
    Schafer, Andreas.; Jacoby, Henry D. (2003-07)
    A set of three analytical models is used to study the imbedding of specific transport technologies within a multi-sector, multi-region evaluation of constraints on greenhouse emissions. Key parameters of a computable general ...
  • Thermohaline circulation stability : a box model study. Part I: Uncoupled model. Part II: Coupled atmosphere-ocean model 
    Lucarini, Valerio.; Stone, Peter H. (2003-06)
  • A Three-Dimensional Ocean-Seaice-Carbon Cycle Model and its Coupling to a Two-Dimensional Atmospheric Model: Uses in Climate Change Studies 
    Dutkiewicz, Stephanie.; Sokolov, Andrei P.; Scott, Jeffery.; Stone, Peter H. (MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2005-05)
    We describe the coupling of a three-dimensional ocean circulation model, with explicit thermodynamic seaice and ocean carbon cycle representations, to a two-dimensional atmospheric/land model. This coupled system has been ...
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