Browsing MIT Open Access Articles by Title
Now showing items 13774-13793 of 55740
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Effective gravitational action for 2D massive fermions
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021-11-22)We work out the effective gravitational action for 2D massive Euclidean fermions in a small mass expansion. Besides the leading Liouville action, the order m2 gravitational action contains a piece characteristic of the ... -
Effective gravitational wave stress-energy tensor in alternative theories of gravity
(American Physical Society, 2011-03)The inspiral of binary systems in vacuum is controlled by the stress-energy of gravitational radiation and any other propagating degrees of freedom. For gravitational waves, the dominant contribution is characterized by ... -
Effective interaction graphs arising from resource limitations in gene networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015-07)Protein production in gene networks relies on the availability of resources necessary for transcription and translation, which are found in cells in limited amounts. As various genes in a network compete for a common pool ... -
Effective Isentropic Diffusivity of Tropospheric Transport
(American Meteorological Society, 2014-09)Tropospheric transport can be described qualitatively by the slow mean diabatic circulation and rapid isentropic mixing, yet a quantitative understanding of the transport circulation is complicated, as nearly half of the ... -
Effective kinetic energy harvesting via structural instabilities
(SPIE, 2017-04)Vibration energy harvesting has been shown as a promising power source for many small-scale applications mainly because of the considerable reduction in the energy consumption of the electronics, ease of fabrication and ... -
Effective labor regulation and microeconomic flexibility
(Elsevier, 2013-03)Microeconomic flexibility is at the core of economic growth in modern market economies because it facilitates the process of creative-destruction. The main reason why this process is not infinitely fast, is the presence ... -
Effective lifetime measurements in the B[0 over s]--> K+K−, B[superscript 0]-->K+π− and B[0 over s]-->π+K− decays
(Elsevier B.V., 2014-09)Measurements of the effective lifetimes in the B[0 over s]→K+K−, B0→K+π−B[superscript 0]→K+π− and B[0 over s]→π+K− decays are presented using 1.0 fb−11.0 fb[superscript −1] of pp collision data collected at a centre-of-mass ... -
Effective lifetimes exceeding 300 μs in gettered p-type epitaxial kerfless silicon for photovoltaics
(American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2013-12)We evaluate defect concentrations and investigate the lifetime potential of p-type single-crystal kerfless silicon produced via epitaxy for photovoltaics. In gettered material, low interstitial iron concentrations (as low ... -
An effective matrix model for dynamical end of the world branes in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022-01-10)Abstract We study Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity with dynamical end of the world branes in asymptotically nearly AdS2 spacetimes. We quantize this theory in Lorentz signature, and compute ... -
An Effective Med-VQA Method Using a Transformer with Weights Fusion of Multiple Fine-Tuned Models
(MDPI, 2023-08-28)Visual question answering (VQA) is a task that generates or predicts an answer to a question in human language about visual images. VQA is an active field combining two AI branches: NLP and computer vision. VQA in the ... -
Effective mode selector for tunable terahertz wire lasers
(Optical Society of America, 2013-02)We demonstrate an effective mode selector design that enables a terahertz quantum cascade wire laser to have a robust single-mode operation at frequencies much lower than the gain peak. This is achieved by selectively ... -
Effective Reifenberg theorems in Hilbert and Banach spaces
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018-11)A famous theorem by Reifenberg states that closed subsets of R[superscript n] that look sufficiently close to k-dimensional at all scales are actually C [superscript 0, γ] equivalent to k-dimensional subspaces. Since then ... -
Effective Reserve: A Latent Variable to Improve Outcome Prediction in Stroke
(Elsevier BV, 2019-01)Prediction of functional outcome after stroke based on initial presentation remains an open challenge, suggesting that an important aspect is missing from these prediction models. There exists the notion of a protective ... -
Effective Size and Zeta Potential of Nanorods by Ferguson Analysis
(American Chemical Society, 2010-07)The effective hydrodynamic size and free mobility of particles of varying aspect ratio were evaluated by Ferguson analysis of gel electrophoresis. The ligand layer thickness was estimated from the difference between the ... -
Effective slip boundary conditions for arbitrary periodic surfaces: the surface mobility tensor
(Cambridge University Press, 2010-09)In a variety of applications, most notably microfluidics design, slip-based boundary conditions have been sought to characterize fluid flow over patterned surfaces. We focus on laminar shear flows over surfaces with periodic ... -
Effective Slip over Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Thin Channels
(American Physical Society, 2009-01)Superhydrophobic surfaces reduce drag by combining hydrophobicity and roughness to trap gas bubbles in a microscopic texture. Recent work has focused on specific cases, such as arrays of pillars or grooves, with limited ... -
The Effective Static Stability Experienced by Eddies in a Moist Atmosphere
(American Meteorological society, 2011-01)Water vapor directly affects the dynamics of atmospheric eddy circulations through the release of latent heat. But it is difficult to include latent heat release in dynamical theories because of the associated ... -
Effective theories for a nonrelativistic field in an expanding universe: Induced self-interaction, pressure, sound speed, and viscosity
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020-07-09)Abstract A massive, nonrelativistic scalar field in an expanding spacetime is usually approximated by a pressureless perfect fluid, which leads to the standard conclusion that such a field can play the role of cold dark ... -
Effective theories for a nonrelativistic field in an expanding universe: Induced self-interaction, pressure, sound speed, and viscosity
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020-07-09)Abstract A massive, nonrelativistic scalar field in an expanding spacetime is usually approximated by a pressureless perfect fluid, which leads to the standard conclusion that such a field can play the role of cold dark ...
