It seems generic to have vacua with lower dimensionality than ours. We consider the possibility that the observable universe originated in a transition from one of these vacua. Such a universe has anisotropic spatial ...

Over the past 20 years there has been growing interest in the concept of fertilizing the ocean with iron to abate global warming. This interest was catalyzed by basic scientific experiments showing that iron limits primary ...

Several extensions of energy balance models (EBMs) are explored in which (i) sea ice acts to insulate the atmosphere from the ocean and (ii) ocean heat transport is allowed to have some meridional structure controlled ...

Oceanic meridional transports evaluated over the width of the Pacific Ocean from altimetric observations become incoherent surprisingly rapidly with meridional separation. Even with 15 years of data, surface slopes show ...

In its simplest formulation, reinforcement learning is based on the idea that if an action taken in a particular context is followed by a favorable outcome, then, in the same context, the tendency to produce that action ...

A modified cumulus convection parametrisation scheme is presented. This scheme computes the mass of air transported upward in a cumulus cell using conservation of moisture and a detailed distribution of convective precipitation ...

The oxidative evolution (“aging”) of organic species in the atmosphere is thought to have a major influence on the composition and properties of organic particulate matter but remains poorly understood, particularly for ...

We consider the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman problem for costs satisfying the triangle inequality. We derive a randomized algorithm which delivers a solution within a factor O(log n/ log log n) of the optimum with high ...

We compute $u(t)=\exp(-tA)\varphi$ using rational Krylov subspace reduction for $0\leq t<\infty$, where $u(t),\varphi\in\mathbf{R}^N$ and $0<A=A^*\in\mathbf{R}^{N\times N}$. A priori optimization of the rational Krylov ...

We study differential operators on an elliptic curve of order higher than 2 which are algebraically integrable (i.e., finite gap). We discuss classification of such operators of order 3 with one pole, discovering exotic ...