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Browsing MIT Open Access Articles by Title

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  • Neural Representation of Time in Cortico-basal Ganglia Circuits 
    Jin, Dezhe Z.; Fujii, Naotaka; Graybiel, Ann M. (National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), 2009-10)
    Encoding time is universally required for learning and structuring motor and cognitive actions, but how the brain keeps track of time is still not understood. We searched for time representations in cortico-basal ganglia ...
  • Neural Representations and Mechanisms for the Performance of Simple Speech Sequences 
    Bohland, Jason W.; Bullock, Daniel; Guenther, Frank H. (MIT Press, 2010-04)
    Speakers plan the phonological content of their utterances before their release as speech motor acts. Using a finite alphabet of learned phonemes and a relatively small number of syllable structures, speakers are able to ...
  • Neural Response to Reward Anticipation under Risk Is Nonlinear in Probabilities 
    Hsu, Ming; Krajbich, Ian; Zhao, Chen; Camerer, Colin F. (Society for Neuroscience, 2009-02)
    A widely observed phenomenon in decision making under risk is the apparent overweighting of unlikely events and the underweighting of nearly certain events. This violates standard assumptions in expected utility theory, ...
  • Neural sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) ablation attenuates somatic growth and causes obesity 
    Schwer, Bjoern; Schumacher, Bjoern; Lombard, David B.; Xiao, Cuiying; Kurtev, Martin V.; Gao, Jun; Schneider, Jennifer I.; Chai, Hua; Bronson, Roderick T.; Tsai, Li-Huei; Deng, Chu-Xia; Alt, Frederick W. (National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), 2010-12)
    In yeast, Sir2 family proteins (sirtuins) regulate gene silencing, recombination, DNA repair, and aging via histone deacetylation. Most of the seven mammalian sirtuins (Sirt1–Sirt7) have been implicated as NAD+-dependent ...
  • Neural substrates of cognitive capacity limitations 
    Buschman, Tim; Siegel, Markus; Roy, Jefferson; Miller, Earl K. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 2011-06)
    Cognition has a severely limited capacity: Adult humans can retain only about four items “in mind”. This limitation is fundamental to human brain function: Individual capacity is highly correlated with intelligence measures ...
  • Neural synchrony and selective attention 
    Desimone, Robert (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2009-07)
    A complex visual scene will typically contain many different objects, few of which are currently relevant to behavior. Thus, attentional mechanisms are needed to select the relevant objects from the scene and to reject the ...
  • Neural Systems Predicting Long-Term Outcome in Dyslexia 
    Hoeft, Fumiko; McCandliss, Bruce D.; Black, Jessica M.; Gantman, Alexander; Zakerani, Nahal; Hulme, Charles; Lyytinen, Heikki; Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan; Glover, Gary H.; Reiss, Allan L.; Gabrieli, John D. E. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 2010-12)
    Individuals with developmental dyslexia vary in their ability to improve reading skills, but the brain basis for improvement remains largely unknown. We performed a prospective, longitudinal study over 2.5 y in children ...
  • Neural Systems Supporting the Control of Affective and Cognitive Conflicts 
    Gabrieli, John D. E.; Ochsner, Kevin N.; Hughes, Brent; Robertson, Elaine R.; Cooper, Jeffrey C. (MIT Press, 2009-09)
    Although many studies have examined the neural bases of controlling cognitive responses, the neural systems for controlling conflicts between competing affective responses remain unclear. To address the neural correlates ...
  • Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults: systematic review and meta-analysis 
    Doshi, Peter; Jones, Mark; Del Mar, Chris; Jefferson, Tom (British Medical Association, 2009-12)
    Objective: To update a 2005 Cochrane review that assessed the effects of neuraminidase inhibitors in preventing or ameliorating the symptoms of influenza, the transmission of influenza, and complications from influenza ...
  • Neuraminidase inhibitors: the story behind the Cochrane review 
    Doshi, Peter (British Medical Association, 2009-12)
    Although billions have been spent on oseltamivir in the face of pandemic influenza, the team updating the Cochrane review of neuraminidase inhibitors in healthy adults found that the public evidence base for this global ...
  • Neurite outgrowth on a fibronectin isoform expressed during peripheral nerve regeneration is mediated by the interaction of paxillin with alpha4beta1 integrins 
    Vogelezang, Mariette; Forster, Ulrike B; Han, Jaewon; Ginsberg, Mark H; ffrench-Constant, Charles (BioMed Central Ltd, 2007-06)
    Background: The regeneration of peripheral nerve is associated with a change in the alternative splicing of the fibronectin primary gene transcript to re-express embryonic isoforms containing a binding site for α4β1 integrins ...
  • A Neuromorphic Approach to Computer Vision 
    Serre, Thomas; Poggio, Tomaso A. (Association for Computing Machinery, 2010-10)
    Neuroscience is beginning to inspire a new generation of seeing machines.
  • A Neuronal Acetylcholine Receptor Regulates the Balance of Muscle Excitation and Inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans 
    Jospin, Maelle; Qi, Yingchuan B.; Stawicki, Tamara M.; Boulin, Thomas; Schuske, Kim R.; Bessereau, Jean-Louis; Jorgensen, Erik M.; Jin, Yishi; Horvitz, H. Robert (Public Library of Science, 2009-12)
    In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, cholinergic motor neurons stimulate muscle contraction as well as activate GABAergic motor neurons that inhibit contraction of the contralateral muscles. Here, we describe the ...
  • Neuronal expression of muskelin in the rodent central nervous system 
    Tagnaouti, Nadia; Loebrich, Sven; Heisler, Frank F; Pechmann, Yvonne; Fehr, Susanne; De Arcangelis, Adele; Georges-Labouesse, Elisabeth; Adams, Josephine C; Kneussel, Matthias; Loebrich, Sven (BioMed Central Ltd, 2007-05)
    Background: The kelch repeat protein muskelin mediates cytoskeletal responses to the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin 1, (TSP1), that is known to promote synaptogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). ...
  • Neuronal Learning of Invariant Object Representation in the Ventral Visual Stream Is Not Dependent on Reward 
    Li, Nuo; DiCarlo, James (Society for Neuroscience, 2012-05)
    Neurons at the top of primate ventral visual stream [inferior temporal cortex (IT)] have selectivity for objects that is highly tolerant to variation in the object's appearance on the retina. Previous nonhuman primate ...
  • Neuron Specific Rab4 Effector GRASP-1 Coordinates Membrane Specialization and Maturation of Recycling Endosomes 
    van der Sluijs, Peter; Kapitein, Lukas C.; Jaarsma, Dick; Rehmann, Holger; Klumperman, Judith; Heck, Albert J. R.; Monti, Maria; Govers, Roland; Oorschot, Viola; Dortland, Bjorn R.; van Vlijmen, Thijs; Wulf, Phebe S.; Sanchez-Martinez, Emma; Popa, Ioana; Hoogenraad, Casper C.; Futai, Kensuke; Sheng, Morgan Hwa-Tze (Public Library of Science, 2010-01)
    The endosomal pathway in neuronal dendrites is essential for membrane receptor trafficking and proper synaptic function and plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms that organize specific endocytic trafficking routes ...
  • Neurovascular coupling to D2/D3 dopamine receptor occupancy using simultaneous PET/functional MRI 
    Sander, Christin Yen-Ming; Rosen, Bruce R.; Hooker, Jacob M.; Catana, Ciprian; Normandin, Marc D.; Alpert, Nathaniel M.; Knudsen, Gitte M.; Vanduffel, Wim; Mandeville, Joseph B. (National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), 2013-07)
    This study employed simultaneous neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate the relationship between changes in receptor occupancy measured by PET ...
  • Neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies develop in a humanized 
    Seung, E.; Dugast, A.; Dudek, Phebe Helena Melania; Mattoo, H.; Vrbanac, V.; Tivey, T.; Murooka, T.; Cariappa, A.; Luster, A. D.; Pillai, S.; Tager, A. M. (BioMed Central Ltd., 2012-09)
    Background: In BLT (bone marrow-liver-thymus) humanized mice, human thymocytes are educated by autologous human thymic tissue, resulting in functional human T cells capable of rapidly selecting for CTL escape mutations ...
  • Neutral pion lifetime measurements and the QCD chiral anomaly 
    Bernstein, Aron M.; Holstein, Barry R. (American Physical Society, 2013-01)
    A fundamental property of QCD is the presence of the chiral anomaly, which is the dominant component of the π[superscript 0]→γγ decay rate. Based on this anomaly and its small (≃4.5%) chiral correction, a prediction of the ...
  • Neutral pion production in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 
    Walker, M.; van Nieuwenhuizen, Gerrit Jan; Surrow, Bernd; Sakuma, Tai; Redwine, Robert P.; Milner, Richard G.; Leight, William Axel; Kocoloski, Adam Philip; Jones, Christopher LaDon; Hoffman, A. M.; Corliss, Ross Cameron; Betancourt, Michael Joseph; Balewski, Jan T. (American Physical Society, 2009-10)
    The results of midrapidity (0<y<0.8) neutral pion spectra over an extended transverse momentum range (1<p[subscript T]<12 GeV/c) in √(s[subscript NN])=200 GeV Au+Au collisions, measured by the STAR experiment, are presented. ...
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