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Browsing MIT Open Access Articles by Title

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  • O(1)-approximations for maximum movement problems 
    Berman, Piotr; Demaine, Erik D.; Zadimoghaddam, Morteza (Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2011-08)
    We develop constant-factor approximation algorithms for minimizing the maximum movement made by pebbles on a graph to reach a configuration in which the pebbles form a connected subgraph (connectivity), or interconnect a ...
  • O-antigen diversity and lateral transfer of the wbe region among Vibrio splendidus isolates 
    Wildschutte, Hans; Preheim, Sarah Pacocha; Hernandez, Yasiel; Polz, Martin F. (Blackwell Publishing, 2010-11)
    The O-antigen is a highly diverse structure expressed on the outer surface of Gram-negative bacteria. The products responsible for O-antigen synthesis are encoded in the wbe region, which exhibits extensive genetic diversity. ...
  • Obfuscation, Learning, and the Evolution of Investor Sophistication 
    Carlin, Bruce Ian; Manso, Gustavo (Oxford University Press for the Society for Financial Studies, 2010-09)
    Investor sophistication has lagged behind the growing complexity of retail financial markets. To explore this, we develop a dynamic model to study the interaction between obfuscation and investor sophistica- tion in ...
  • Object decoding with attention in inferior temporal cortex 
    Zhang, Ying; Meyers, Ethan M.; Bichot, Narcisse Pascal; Serre, Thomas R.; Poggio, Tomaso A.; Desimone, Robert (National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), 2011-05)
    Recognizing objects in cluttered scenes requires attentional mechanisms to filter out distracting information. Previous studies have found several physiological correlates of attention in visual cortex, including larger ...
  • Objective sequence-based subfamily classifications of mouse homeodomains reflect their in vitro DNA-binding preferences 
    Santos, Miguel A.; Turinsky, Andrei L.; Ong, Serene; Tsai, Jennifer; Berger, Michael F.; Badis, Gwenael; Talukder, Shaheynoor; Gehrke, Andrew R.; Hughes, Timothy R.; Wodak, Shoshana J.; Bulyk, Martha L. (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2010-08)
    Classifying proteins into subgroups with similar molecular function on the basis of sequence is an important step in deriving reliable functional annotations computationally. So far, however, available classification ...
  • Obligation and Regret When There is No Fact of the Matter About What Would Have Happened if You Had not Done What You Did 
    Hare, Caspar (Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 2011-01)
    It is natural to distinguish between objective and subjective senses of ‘ought’. Roughly: what you ought to do in the objective sense has to do with the merits and demerits of the options available to you, while what you ...
  • The oblique orbit of the super-Neptune HAT-P-11b 
    Winn, Joshua Nathan; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Isaacson, Howard; Shopper, Avi; Bakos, Gaspar A.; Hartman, Joel D.; Albrecht, Simon H. (IOP Publishing, 2010-10)
    We find the orbit of the Neptune-sized exoplanet HAT-P-11b to be highly inclined relative to the equatorial plane of its host star. This conclusion is based on spectroscopic observations of two transits, which allowed the ...
  • Obliquities of hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments 
    Albrecht, Simon H.; Winn, Joshua Nathan; Johnson, John A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Butler, R. Paul; Arriagada, Pamela; Crane, Jeffrey D.; Shectman, Stephen A.; Thompson, Ian B.; Hirano, Teruyuki; Bakos, Gaspar; Hartman, Joel D. (IOP Publishing, 2012-08)
    We provide evidence that the obliquities of stars with close-in giant planets were initially nearly random, and that the low obliquities that are often observed are a consequence of star-planet tidal interactions. The ...
  • Oblivious routing of highly variable traffic in service overlays and IP backbones 
    Sengupta, Sudipta; Lakshman, T. V.; Kodialam, Murali; Orlin, James B. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2009-04)
    The emergence of new applications on the Internet like voice-over-IP, peer-to-peer, and video-on-demand has created highly dynamic and changing traffic patterns. In order to route such traffic with quality-of-service (QoS) ...
  • Observable signatures of extreme mass-ratio inspiral black hole binaries embedded in thin accretion disks 
    Kocsis, Bence; Loeb, Abraham; Yunes, Nicolas (American Physical Society, 2011-07)
    We examine the electromagnetic and gravitational wave (GW) signatures of stellar-mass compact objects (COs) spiraling into a supermassive black hole (extreme mass-ratio inspirals), embedded in a thin, radiation-pressure ...
  • Observational learning in an uncertain world 
    Acemoglu, Daron; Dahleh, Munther A.; Ozdaglar, Asuman E.; Tahbaz Salehi, Alireza (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011-02)
    We study a model of observational learning in social networks in the presence of uncertainty about agents' type distributions. Each individual receives a private noisy signal about a payoff-relevant state of the world, and ...
  • Observation and Differentiation of Unique High-Q Optical Resonances Near Zero Wave Vector in Macroscopic Photonic Crystal Slabs 
    Lee, Jeongwon; Zhen, Bo; Chua, Song Liang; Qiu, Wenjun; Joannopoulos, John D.; Soljacic, Marin; Shapira, Ofer (American Physical Society, 2012-08)
    We demonstrate and distinguish experimentally the existence of a special type of Fano resonances at k≈0 in a macroscopic two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. We fabricate a square lattice array of holes in a silicon ...
  • Observation and polarization measurement of B[superscript 0]-->a1(1260)[superscript +]a1(1260)[superscript -] decay 
    Fisher, Peter H.; Cowan, Ray Franklin; Dujmic, Denis; Henderson, Shawn Wesley; Sciolla, Gabriella; Spitznagel, M.; Yamamoto, R. K.; Zhao, M. (American Physical Society, 2009-11)
    We present measurements of the branching fraction B and longitudinal polarization fraction fL for B0-->a1(1260)+a1(1260)- decays, with a1(1260)±-->pi-pi+pi±. The data sample, collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC ...
  • Observation and studies of jet quenching in PbPb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV 
    Alver, Burak Han; Bauer, Gerry P.; Bendavid, Joshua L.; Busza, Wit; Butz, Erik M.; Cali, Ivan Amos; Chan, M.; Dutta, Valentina; Everaerts, Pieter Bruno Bart; Gomez-Ceballos, Guillelmo; Goncharov, Maxim; Hahn, Kristian Allan; Harris, P.; Kim, Y.; Klute, Markus; Lee, Y. J.; Li, W.; Loizides, Constantin; Luckey, P. David, Jr.; Ma, Teng; Nahn, Steven; Paus, Christoph M. E.; Ralph, Duncan Kelley; Roland, Christof E.; Roland, Gunther M.; Rudolph, M.; Stephans, George S. F.; Sumorok, Konstanty C.; Sung, Kevin Kai Hong; Wenger, Edward Allen; Xie, Si; Yang, M.; Yilmaz, Yetkin; Yoon, Andrew; Zanetti, Marco; Wyslouch, Boleslaw (American Physical Society, 2011-08)
    Jet production in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV was studied with the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the LHC, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity ...
  • Observation and Study of Low-Frequency Oscillations in a 1.5-MW 110-GHz Gyrotron 
    Cerfon, Antoine J.; Choi, Eunmi; Marchewka, Chad D.; Mastovsky, Ivan; Shapiro, Michael; Sirigiri, Jagadishwar R.; Temkin, Richard J. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2009-06)
    We report the observation of low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) in the range 165-180 MHz in a 1.5-MW 110-GHz gyrotron operating in 3-mus pulses. The oscillations have been measured by a capacitive probe located just before ...
  • Observation and study of the baryonic B-meson decays B→D(*)pp̅ (π)(π) 
    Cowan, Ray Franklin; Dujmic, Denis; Sciolla, Gabriella; Zhao, M. (American Physical Society, 2012-05)
    We present results for B-meson decay modes involving a charm meson, protons, and pions using 455×10[superscript 6] BB̅ pairs recorded by the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e[superscript +]e[superscript ...
  • Observation of a Centrality-Dependent Dijet Asymmetry in Lead-Lead Collisions at [sqrt]sNN=2.76  TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC 
    Taylor, Frank E. (American Physical Society, 2010-12)
    By using the ATLAS detector, observations have been made of a centrality-dependent dijet asymmetry in the collisions of lead ions at the Large Hadron Collider. In a sample of lead-lead events with a per-nucleon center of ...
  • Observation of a Critical Gradient Threshold for Electron Temperature Fluctuations in the DIII-D Tokamak 
    White, Anne E.; Hillesheim, J. C.; DeBoo, J. C.; Peebles, W. A.; Carter, T. A.; Wang, G.; Rhodes, T. L.; Schmitz, L.; McKee, G. R.; Yan, Z.; Staebler, G. M.; Burrell, K. H.; Doyle, E. J.; Holland, C.; Petty, C. C.; Smith, S. P.; White, A. E.; Zeng, L. (American Physical Society, 2013-01)
    A critical gradient threshold has been observed for the first time in a systematic, controlled experiment for a locally measured turbulent quantity in the core of a confined high-temperature plasma. In an experiment in the ...
  • Observation of a diffractive contribution to dijet production in proton-proton collisions at √s=7  TeV 
    Bauer, Gerry P.; Bendavid, Joshua L.; Busza, Wit (American Physical Society, 2013-01)
    The cross section for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at √s=7  TeV is presented as a function of ξ˜, a variable that approximates the fractional momentum loss of the scattered proton in single-diffractive ...
  • Observation of a kilogram-scale oscillator near its quantum ground state 
    Bayer, K.; Blackburn, Lindy L.; Bodiya, Timothy Paul; Brunet, G.; Cao, Junwei; Corbitt, Thomas R.; Donovan, Frederick J.; Duke, I.; Fritschel, Peter K.; Goda, K.; Grimaldi, F.; Harry, G.; Katsavounidis, Erotokritos; MacInnis, Myron E.; Markowitz, J.; Mason, Kenneth R.; Mavalvala, Nergis; Mittleman, R.; Ottaway, D. J.; Ruet, L.; Sarin, P.; Shoemaker, David H.; Smith, N. D.; Stein, Leo Chaim; Weiss, Rainer; Wipf, Christopher C.; Zucker, Michael E.; LIGO Scientific Collaboration (Institute of Physics Publishing, 2009-07)
    We introduce a novel cooling technique capable of approaching the quantum ground state of a kilogram-scale system—an interferometric gravitational wave detector. The detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave ...
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