Cells communicate with other cells, and process cues from their environment, via signaling pathways, in which extracellular cues trigger a cascade of information flow, causing signaling molecules to become chemically, ...

Angiogenesis is crucial during many physiological processes, and is influenced by various biochemical and biomechanical factors. Models have proven useful in understanding the mechanisms of angiogenesis and the characteristics ...

Approximately one in five Americans is affected by arthritis, making it one of the most prevalent diseases and the leading cause of disability in the United States. Post-traumatic arthritis occurs after joint injury (e.g., ...

Cell size is often overlooked in the drive to define molecular mechanisms, but as a basic physical property it is an integrator of the cell's metabolic rate and indicator of cell fate. Development of the Suspended Microchannel ...

Chondrocytes respond to in vivo mechanical loads by regulating the composition of the cartilage extracellular matrix. This study utilized three loading protocols that span the range of forces and flows induced by in vivo ...

Tetracyclines, a broad-spectrum class of antibiotics, were discovered in the late 1940s, and became widely used because of their important advantages: they are inexpensive, safe, demonstrate good oral absorption, and are ...

The study of human mutagenesis requires methods of measuring somatic mutations in normal human tissues and inherited mutations in human populations. Such methods should permit measurement of rare mutations in the presence ...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate cellular signaling networks by modifying activity, localization, turnover and other characteristics of proteins in the cell. For example, signaling in receptor tyrosine ...