Browsing Theses - Biology by Issue Date
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Browsing Theses - Biology by Issue Date
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Regeneration of missing body parts is biologically fascinating, yet poorly understood. Many instances of regeneration, such as the replacement of amphibian limbs or planarian heads, require both a source for new cellular ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)The objective of this work is to obtain an in depth understanding of how embryonic stem cell-secreted signals contribute to their identity. We analyze the contribution of broad and specific signals present in the cell-secreted ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)The eukaryotic cell is easily distinguishable from its prokaryotic counterpart through the presence of a complex endomembrane system. Most notable is the nucleus, which harbors and protects the genetic information of the ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Proteins destined for the secretory pathway are folded, posttranslationally modified, and assembled into complexes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To maintain ER proteostasis, the rate of nascent peptide influx into the ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that regulate many processes in physiology and pathology by guiding the repression of target messenger RNAs. For classification purposes, miRNAs are defined as ~22 nt RNAs that are produced ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Small molecule characterization is a critical limiting step in cancer drug development. At the present time, high throughput screens of natural products and combinatorial synthesis libraries generate more pharmaceutical ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Huntington's Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disease that occurs when an expansion of the polyQ tract of the huntingtin gene expands to greater than ~35 residues. This mutation leads to aggregation ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)The eukaryotic mitotic cell cycle is a strictly ordered process by which cells accurately duplicate their genome and divide into two. Ubiquitin-mediated degradation of key cell cycle regulators ensures that the cell cycle ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)The orderly assembly of neuronal circuits is specified by developmental programs of gene expression, however, the final stage in circuit development, maturation and refinement of specific synaptic connections, is strongly ...
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Determining protein interaction specificity of native and designed bZIP family transcription factors (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Protein-protein interactions are important for almost all cellular functions. Knowing which proteins interact with one another is important for understanding protein function as well as for being able to disrupt their ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the folding and processing of approximately one third of proteins in eukaryotic cells, and homeostasis in this compartment is tightly regulated. The Unfolded Protein Response, ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)The internal methylation of mRNA post-transcriptionally is an essential component of the mRNA editing machinery in virtually every eukaryotic system. Despite this ubiquity, little is known about the relevance, consequences ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)The brain ventricular system is composed of a highly conserved set of cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a protein-rich fluid essential for brain function. However, little is known about the function of ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Sox2 is a master regulator of two distinct cellular states, that of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs), but what common or distinct roles Sox2 may play in these cell types ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)shRNA screens have been very effective in identifying novel cancer genes in mammalian cells, but they have primarily been limited to in vitro applications in tumor cell lines. Whereas in vivo retroviral mutagenesis screens ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Neuronal communication relies on the continual replenishment of synaptic vesicles that are primed for neurotransmitter release in response to action potentials. A vast array of proteins is required to mediate synaptic ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Computational design of protein-protein interaction specificity is a powerful tool to examine and expand our understanding about how protein sequence determines interaction specificity. It also has many applications in ...
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Rescue of Fragile X Syndrome phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice by the small molecule PAK inhibitor FRAX486 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Autism is a diverse and complex family of disorders, and its prevalence is on the rise: 1 in 110 children have autism. There is no effective treatment for the symptoms which often include language and communication deficits, ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is highly precise and complex. Changes in expression can define the fate of each cell, convert healthy tissues to diseased ones, and even lead to speciation. Regulation occurs ...
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(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)Regulation of genes is fundamental to all living processes and can be exerted at many sequential steps. We studied several eukaryotic gene regulatory mechanisms with an emphasis on understanding the interplay between ...
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