Online measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from aircraft
Name
Cross-2013-Online measurements.pdf
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3.3 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
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Author(s)
Herndon, S. C.
Jayne, John T.
Worsnop, D. R.
Miake-Lye, R. C.
Cross, Eben Spencer
Hunter, James
Carrasquillo, Anthony Joseph
Franklin, Jonathan Pfeil
Kroll, Jesse
Date Issued
August 2013
Journal
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Citation
Cross, E. S., J. F. Hunter, A. J. Carrasquillo, J. P. Franklin, S. C. Herndon, J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, R. C. Miake-Lye, and J. H. Kroll. “Online measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from aircraft.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 15 (August 14, 2013): 7845-7858.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the climate and air quality impacts of aviation requires measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from aircraft. Currently both the amount and chemical composition of aircraft I/SVOC emissions remain poorly characterized. Here we characterize I/SVOC emissions from aircraft, using a novel instrument for the online, quantitative measurement of the mass loading and composition of low-volatility organic vapors. Emissions from the NASA DC8 aircraft were sampled on the ground 143 m downwind of the engines and characterized as a function of engine power from idle (4% maximum rated thrust) through 85% power. Results show that I/SVOC emissions are highest during engine idle operating conditions, with decreasing but non-zero I/SVOC emissions at higher engine powers. Comparison of I/SVOC emissions with total hydrocarbon (THC) measurements, VOC measurements, and an established emissions profile indicates that I/SVOCs comprise 10–20% of the total organic gas-phase emissions at idle, and an increasing fraction of the total gas-phase organic emissions at higher powers. Positive matrix factorization of online mass spectra is used to identify three distinct types of I/SVOC emissions: aliphatic, aromatic and oxygenated. The volatility and chemical composition of the emissions suggest that unburned fuel is the dominant source of I/SVOCs at idle, while pyrolysis products make up an increasing fraction of the I/SVOCs at higher powers. Oxygenated I/SVOC emissions were detected at lower engine powers (≤30%) and may be linked to cracked, partially oxidized or unburned fuel components.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7845-2013
