2026-04-15T18:22:23Zhttps://dspace.mit.edu//oai/request

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1267712022-09-26T07:12:38Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Michael Milken's Spreadsheets: Computation and Charisma in Finance in the Go-Go ’80s Deringer, William P Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Program in Science, Technology and Society Deringer, William P Wall Street lore holds that “junk bond” king Michael Milken once blamed the tumultuous changes that roiled American finance in the 1980s on VisiCalc, the pioneering spreadsheet software. This article takes Milken's quip as a prompt to explore the practical and cultural place of computing in 1980s finance. It reveals that PCs, especially spreadsheets, augmented the capacities of 1980s financiers in three ways—surveillance, valuation, and imagination—each crucial to Milken's “machine.” Yet this article also exposes another side to Milken's success, grounded not in computation but charisma. Milken's power lay both in innovative command over novel technicalities and a simultaneous sense that he possessed a suprarational vision transcending the technical. Milken's spreadsheets help us to reconsider a central debate in the social studies of finance about the “ghost in the financial machine” and to examine the co-construction of “killer apps” and “killer applicants” in the early history of personal computing. 2020-08-24T19:47:30Z 2020-08-24T19:47:30Z 2020-03 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1058-6180 1934-1547 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126771 Deringer, William. "Michael Milken's Spreadsheets: Computation and Charisma in Finance in the Go-Go ’80s." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 42, 3 (July-September 2020): 53 - 69 © 2020 IEEE http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2020.2982650 IEEE Annals of the History of Computing Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Prof. William Deringer

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1617102025-07-23T03:11:29Zcom_1721.1_155440hdl_1721.1_155440col_1721.1_159801hdl_1721.1_159801

Report to the President for year ended June 30, 2008, Dean for Student Life Benedict, Larry G. 2025-07-22T17:20:39Z 2025-07-22T17:20:39Z 2008-06-30 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/161710 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/112482022-01-13T07:54:32Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131022hdl_1721.1_131022

Origin and control of anisotropy in three dimensional printing of structural ceramics Khanuja, Satbir S Michael J. Cima. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-205). by Satbir Singh Khanuja. Ph.D. 2005-08-18T12:00:00Z 2005-08-18T12:00:00Z 1996 1996 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11248 34791237 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 209 leaves 15224707 bytes 15224465 bytes application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/880422022-09-23T09:22:40Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Choroidal Haller's and Sattler's Layer Thickness Measurement Using 3-Dimensional 1060-nm Optical Coherence Tomography Esmaeelpour, Marieh Kajic, Vedran Zabihian, Behrooz Othara, Richu Ansari-Shahrezaei, Siamak Kellner, Lukas Krebs, Ilse Nemetz, Susanne Kraus, Martin Franz Georg Hornegger, Joachim Fujimoto, James G. Drexler, Wolfgang Binder, Susanne Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Fujimoto, James G. Objectives: To examine the feasibility of automatically segmented choroidal vessels in three-dimensional (3D) 1060-nmOCT by testing repeatability in healthy and AMD eyes and by mapping Haller's and Sattler's layer thickness in healthy eyes Methods: Fifty-five eyes (from 45 healthy subjects and 10 with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) subjects) were imaged by 3D-1060-nmOCT over a 36°x36° field of view. Haller's and Sattler's layer were automatically segmented, mapped and averaged across the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. For ten AMD eyes and ten healthy eyes, imaging was repeated within the same session and on another day. Outcomes were the repeatability agreement of Haller's and Sattler's layer thicknesses in healthy and AMD eyes, the validation with ICGA and the statistical analysis of the effect of age and axial eye length (AL) on both healthy choroidalsublayers. Results: The coefficients of repeatability for Sattler's and Haller's layers were 35% and 21% in healthy eyes and 44% and 31% in AMD eyes, respectively. The mean±SD healthy central submacular field thickness for Sattler's and Haller's was 87±56 µm and 141±50 µm, respectively, with a significant relationship for AL (P<.001). Conclusions: Automated Sattler's and Haller's thickness segmentation generates rapid 3D measurements with a repeatability correspondingto reported manual segmentation. Sublayers in healthy eyes thinnedsignificantly with increasing AL. In the presence of the thinned Sattler's layer in AMD, careful measurement interpretation is needed. Automatic choroidal vascular layer mapping may help to explain if pathological choroidal thinning affects medium and large choroidal vasculature in addition to choriocapillaris loss. Macular Vision Research Foundation Medical University of Vienna European Union (project FUN OCT (FP7 HEALTH, contract no. 201880)) European Union (FAMOS (FP7 ICT 317744)) European Union (FWF-NFN ‘Photoacoustic imaging in biology and Medicine’, Oesterreichische Nationalbank Jubilaumsfonds projekt (14294)) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH R01-EY011289-27) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-GSC80-SAOT) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-GSC80-SAOT, DFG-HO-1791/11-1) Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. FEMTOLASERS (Firm) Christian Doppler Society 2014-06-20T14:20:34Z 2014-06-20T14:20:34Z 2014-06 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88042 Esmaeelpour, Marieh, Vedran Kajic, Behrooz Zabihian, Richu Othara, Siamak Ansari-Shahrezaei, Lukas Kellner, Ilse Krebs, et al. “Choroidal Haller’s and Sattler’s Layer Thickness Measurement Using 3-Dimensional 1060-Nm Optical Coherence Tomography.” Edited by Zsolt Ablonczy. PLoS ONE 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2014): e99690. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-4357 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099690 PLoS ONE Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Public Library of Science Public Library of Science

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/30292019-04-09T15:18:17Zcom_1721.1_1775hdl_1721.1_1775col_1721.1_1783hdl_1721.1_1783

Communication aspects of parallel processing Özveren, Cüneyt M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems. TK7855.M41 E3845 no.1721 Cover title. Includes bibliographical references. Supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. AFOSR-88-0032 Cüneyt Özveren. 2003-04-29T15:29:49Z 2003-04-29T15:29:49Z 1987 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3029 eng LIDS-P ; 1721 48 p. 2838298 bytes application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems]

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/83022019-04-09T15:18:18Zcom_1721.1_7847hdl_1721.1_7847com_1721.1_7846hdl_1721.1_7846com_1721.1_7605hdl_1721.1_7605com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_7848hdl_1721.1_7848col_1721.1_7683hdl_1721.1_7683

A study of loading parameters that affect DNA electrophoresis in microdevices Vázquez, Maribel, 1971- Daniel Ehrlich and Gareth McKinley. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Mechanical Engineering. Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001. Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-220). Electrophoresis of DNA has become particularly attractive in today's age of bio-technology. The goal of the present research is to optimize the the gel-loading and sample-loading protocols used prior to electrophoresis within microfabricated devices. During gel-loading, electrophoretic channels are filled with a polymer matrix prior to their use in DNA separations. The injection rate is constrained by the desire to minimize shear-induced degradation of the polymer molecules. In this study, measurements of the zero shear-rate viscosity of linear polyacrylamide (LPA) solutions are used to determine the LPA molecular weight before and after gel-loading protocols. The results demonstrate induced molecular degradation of polymer molecules even when matrixes are injected at minimal flow rates of 1 microliter per minute. Next, digital images are used to analyze the electrophoretic migration of DNA samples during conventional sample-loading and injection protocols. Experimental data illustrate that the 'stacked' DNA sample plug is comprised of distinct concentrated populations of DNA molecules that migrate with the same mechanism of transport. This study produced a detailed exploration of the injection process as well as a standardized method to measure the level of 'stacking' exhibited by a system. Additionally, a novel high voltage injection protocol correlates increases in resolution and separation with higher levels of sample stacking during injection. Developments realized through these experiments demonstrate great promise for upgraded electrophoretic protocols and future microdevices. by Maribel Vazquez. Sc.D. 2005-08-23T19:01:53Z 2005-08-23T19:01:53Z 2001 2001 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8302 50444365 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 220 p. 16627387 bytes 16627144 bytes application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1258122022-09-23T09:22:49Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Classification of critical points in energy bands based on topology, scaling, and symmetry Yuan, Noah F. Q. Fu, Liang Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics A critical point of the energy dispersion is the momentum where electron velocity vanishes. At the corresponding energy, the density of states (DOS) exhibits nonanalyticity such as divergence. Critical points can be first classified as ordinary and high-order ones, and the ordinary critical points have been studied thoroughly by Léon van Hove, whose DOS is particle-hole symmetric and logarithmically divergent. In this work, we describe and classify high-order critical points based on topology, scaling, and symmetry. We show that high-order critical points can have power-law-divergent DOS with particle-hole asymmetry, and can be realized at generic or symmetric momenta by tuning a few parameters such as twist angle, strain, pressure, and/or external fields. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. de-sc0010526 2020-06-15T20:40:31Z 2020-06-15T20:40:31Z 2020-03 2019-10 2020-03-23T14:18:00Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2469-9950 2469-9969 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/125812 Yuan, Noah F. Q, and Liang Fu. "Classification of critical points in energy bands based on topology, scaling, and symmetry." Physical Review B, 101, 12 (March 2020): 125120. © 2020 American Physical Society en http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.101.125120 Physical Review B Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. American Physical Society application/pdf American Physical Society (APS) American Physical Society

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1524792023-10-19T04:01:12Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023hdl_1721.1_131023

Crossroads: Exploring how micro organizations that leverage design shape urbanism practice Isidor, Melissa Harriel, Holly Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Urban Studies and Planning Crossroads is an exploration into the role micro organizations (1-10 people) that leverage design play within the greater urbanism field. At large, this research serves to build synergies between creative practitioners within or adjacent to the urbanism field, while providing insights and resources both from a philosophical and operational perspective. The research aims to think expansively about the definition of what design means, mainly conceptualizing design as a way of thinking and process. Using a case study approach, my investigation brings together the voices of six micro organizations based in the United States—including BlackSpace Urbanist Collective, JIMA Studio, Broad Community Connections, Design Studio for Social Intervention, Civic Studio, and Hector Design. Each conversation dives into the nuance of each organization’s foundations, process, and vision for the future. In understanding each group’s internal organizational practices, we begin to uncover the possibilities and challenges of practicing at this scale. At large, the findings lead me to believe that such organizations serve as the instigators and experimenters within the greater urbanism ecosystem. M.C.P. 2023-10-18T17:09:21Z 2023-10-18T17:09:21Z 2022-09 2023-09-18T20:08:39.850Z Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152479 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted Copyright retained by author(s) https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1202302023-03-06T19:35:10Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023hdl_1721.1_131023

Probabilistic motion planning and optimization incorporating chance constraints Dai, Siyu(Scientist in mechanical engineering) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Brian C. Williams. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering. Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 201-208). For high-dimensional robots, motion planning is still a challenging problem, especially for manipulators mounted to underwater vehicles or human support robots where uncertainties and risks of plan failure can have severe impact. However, existing risk-aware planners mostly focus on low-dimensional planning tasks, meanwhile planners that can account for uncertainties and react fast in high degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot planning tasks are lacking. In this thesis, a risk-aware motion planning and execution system called Probabilistic Chekov (p-Chekov) is introduced, which includes a deterministic stage and a risk-aware stage. A systematic set of experiments on existing motion planners as well as p-Chekov is also presented. The deterministic stage of p-Chekov leverages the recent advances in obstacle-aware trajectory optimization to improve the original tube-based-roadmap Chekov planner. Through experiments in 4 common application scenarios with 5000 test cases each, we show that using sampling-based planners alone on high DOF robots can not achieve a high enough reaction speed, whereas the popular trajectory optimizer TrajOpt with naive straight-line seed trajectories has very high collision rate despite its high planning speed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that presents such a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art motion planners, which are based on a significant amount of experiments. We then combine different stand-alone planners with trajectory optimization. The results show that the deterministic planning part of p-Chekov, which combines a roadmap approach that caches the all pair shortest paths solutions and an online obstacle-aware trajectory optimizer, provides superior performance over other standard sampling-based planners' combinations. Simulation results show that, in typical real-life applications, this "roadmap + TrajOpt" approach takes about 1 s to plan and the failure rate of its solutions is under 1%. The risk-aware stage of p-Chekov accounts for chance constraints through state probability distribution and collision probability estimation. Based on the deterministic Chekov planner, p-Chekov incorporates a linear-quadratic Gaussian motion planning (LQG-MP) approach into robot state probability distribution estimation, applies quadrature-sampling theories to collision risk estimation, and adapts risk allocation approaches for chance constraint satisfaction. It overcomes existing risk-aware planners' limitation in real-time motion planning tasks with high-DOF robots in 3- dimensional non-convex environments. The experimental results in this thesis show that this new risk-aware motion planning and execution system can effectively reduce collision risk and satisfy chance constraints in typical real-world planning scenarios for high-DOF robots. This thesis makes the following three main contributions: (1) a systematic evaluation of several state-of-the-art motion planners in realistic planning scenarios, including popular sampling-based motion planners and trajectory optimization type motion planners, (2) the establishment of a "roadmap + TrajOpt" deterministic motion planning system that shows superior performance in many practical planning tasks in terms of solution feasibility, optimality and reaction time, and (3) the development of a risk-aware motion planning and execution system that can handle high-DOF robotic planning tasks in 3-dimensional non-convex environments. by Siyu Dai. S.M. 2019-02-05T15:59:35Z 2019-02-05T15:59:35Z 2018 2018 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120230 1083120469 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1567162026-02-28T04:14:24Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Insights into Li+ Storage Mechanisms, Kinetics, and Reversibility of Defect-Engineered and Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Energy Storage Kong, Lingping Zhu, Yuntong Williams, P. Jason Kabbani, Mohamad Brushett, Fikile R. Rupp, Jennifer L. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are approaching their theoretical energy density limits due to the low capacity of electrode materials, and their charging rates are hindered by the intrinsically slow lithium cation (Li+) storage kinetics in graphite. To overcome these challenges, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been explored as an alternative, offering Li+ storage within the interplanar space between graphene sheets, along with excellent electrical conductivity, and eco-friendliness. However, the defect-rich and functionalized configuration for reversible Li+ storage in MWCNTs is still the subject of debate. Here, we report the design and synthesis of defect-engineered MWCNT-COOH using an acid-treatment method. We conduct an extensive study of Li+ storage mechanisms, kinetics, and reversibility, by employing a suite of electrochemical and structural characterization techniques. The acid treatment successfully introduced extra Li+ storage active sites into MWCNTs, such as oxygen functional groups, structural defects, disordered carbon regions, voids/nanopores in the sidewalls, and uncapped hollow cores, as confirmed by Raman, XPS, and TEM analyses. These multiple active sites enable diverse pathways for Li+ storage, resulting in high overall capacities of up to 855.6 mA h g−1 at 100th cycle at 100 mA g−1, surpassing the pristine MWCNTs with a capacity of 424.1 mA h g−1 under the same conditions. Moreover, defect-engineered MWCNT-COOH exhibits good rate performance, delivering a capacity of 350 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1, as well as fast Li+ diffusion coefficients on the order of 10−11 to 10−10 cm2 s−1. The superior electrochemical performance of defect-engineered MWCNT-COOH allows for an increase in the energy density and a decrease in the charging time of LIBs, while maintaining a long lifetime and other performance metrics. Overall, this study provides crucial insights into Li+ storage mechanisms, kinetics, and reversibility of defect-engineered MWCNT materials and their synthesis for future battery designs. 2024-09-12T20:21:42Z 2024-09-12T20:21:42Z 2024-01-22 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2050-7496 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/156716 J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 4299-4311 https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA07362A Journal of Materials Chemistry A Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ application/pdf Royal Society of Chemistry Royal Society of Chemistry

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1608362025-07-18T04:06:56Zcom_1721.1_155440hdl_1721.1_155440col_1721.1_159796hdl_1721.1_159796

Report to the President for year ended June 30, 2013, Engineering Systems Division Sheffi, Yossi Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division This report contains the following sections: Faculty; Graduate Education; Research; Achievements; Alumni Honors; Student Honors; Conferences and Lectures; Alumni Advisory Council Meeting; Leaders for Global Operations; System Design and Management; Technology and Policy Program; MIT Sociotechnical Systems Research Center; Center for Biomedical Innovation; Center for Complex Engineering Systems; Center for Engineering Systems Fundamentals; MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics; MIT Supply Chain Management Program 2025-07-17T18:48:53Z 2025-07-17T18:48:53Z 2013-06-30 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/160836 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1388782023-03-28T20:11:20Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Geometry mediated friction reduction in Taylor-Couette flow Raayai-Ardakani, Shabnam McKinley, Gareth H Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering © 2020 American Physical Society. Periodic surface microtextures of different shapes such as V grooves, semicircular grooves, or rectangular grooves have been studied under laminar and turbulent flow conditions to offer guides for designing optimized low-friction surfaces. In this work we investigate the efficacy of periodic streamwise-aligned surface features in reducing the torque exerted on a steadily rotating cylinder in Taylor-Couette flow. Using three-dimensional printed riblet-textured rotors and a bespoke Taylor-Couette cell, which can be mounted on a controlled stress rheometer, we measure the evolution in the torque acting on the inner rotor as a function of three different dimensionless parameters: (i) the Reynolds number characterizing the flow, (ii) the sharpness of the riblets, as defined by their aspect ratio (height to wavelength), and (iii) the axial scale of the riblets with respect to the size of the overall Taylor-Couette cell (the ratio of the riblet wavelength to the gap of the Taylor-Couette cell). Our experimental results in the laminar viscous flow regime show a reduction in torque up to 10% over a wide range of Reynolds numbers that is a nonmonotonic function of the aspect ratio of the grooves and independent of Red (the gap-based Reynolds number). However, after the transition to the Taylor vortex regime, the modification in torque also becomes a function of the Reynolds number while remaining a nonmonotonic function of the aspect ratio. Using finite-volume simulation of the three-dimensional swirling flow in the annular gap, we discuss the kinematic changes to the Taylor-Couette flow in the presence of the riblets compared to the case of smooth rotors and compute the resulting torque reduction as a function of the parameter space defined above. Good agreement between experiments and computational predictions is found for both azimuthal Couette flow and the Taylor vortex regime. 2022-01-11T17:31:06Z 2022-01-11T17:31:06Z 2020 2022-01-11T17:25:24Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138878 Raayai-Ardakani, Shabnam and McKinley, Gareth H. 2020. "Geometry mediated friction reduction in Taylor-Couette flow." Physical Review Fluids, 5 (12). en 10.1103/PHYSREVFLUIDS.5.124102 Physical Review Fluids Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Physical Society (APS) APS

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1020062019-04-09T15:18:21Zcom_1721.1_101402hdl_1721.1_101402col_1721.1_101610hdl_1721.1_101610

Optimizing Operations of a Pharmaceutical Regional Distribution Hub under Varying Regulatory Environments Arafat, Rami Margarucci, Michael A., II operations optimization regional distribution regulations 2016-03-31T17:51:17Z 2016-03-31T17:51:17Z 2016-03-31 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102006 en SCALE Research Reports;ZLC-2011-5 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1169162022-09-23T09:23:06Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Metabolic requirements for cancer cell proliferation Iliopoulos, Othon Keibler, Mark Andrew Wasylenko, Thomas Michael Vander Heiden, Matthew G. Stephanopoulos, Gregory Kelleher, Joanne Keene Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT Keibler, Mark Andrew Wasylenko, Thomas Michael Kelleher, Joanne K Vander Heiden, Matthew G. Stephanopoulos, Gregory Background: The study of cancer metabolism has been largely dedicated to exploring the hypothesis that oncogenic transformation rewires cellular metabolism to sustain elevated rates of growth and division. Intense examination of tumors and cancer cell lines has confirmed that many cancer-associated metabolic phenotypes allow robust growth and survival; however, little attention has been given to explicitly identifying the biochemical requirements for cell proliferation in a rigorous manner in the context of cancer metabolism. Results: Using a well-studied hybridoma line as a model, we comprehensively and quantitatively enumerate the metabolic requirements for generating new biomass in mammalian cells; this indicated a large biosynthetic requirement for ATP, NADPH, NAD+, acetyl-CoA, and amino acids. Extension of this approach to serine/glycine and glutamine metabolic pathways suggested lower limits on serine and glycine catabolism to supply one-carbon unit synthesis and significant availability of glutamine-derived carbon for biosynthesis resulting from nitrogen demands alone, respectively. We integrated our biomass composition results into a flux balance analysis model, placing upper bounds on mitochondrial NADH oxidation to simulate metformin treatment; these simulations reproduced several empirically observed metabolic phenotypes, including increased reductive isocitrate dehydrogenase flux. Conclusions: Our analysis clarifies the differential needs for central carbon metabolism precursors, glutamine-derived nitrogen, and cofactors such as ATP, NADPH, and NAD+, while also providing justification for various extracellular nutrient uptake behaviors observed in tumors. Collectively, these results demonstrate how stoichiometric considerations alone can successfully predict empirically observed phenotypes and provide insight into biochemical dynamics that underlie responses to metabolic perturbations. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R01DK075850-01) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R01CA160458-01A1) 2018-07-11T19:57:07Z 2018-07-11T19:57:07Z 2016-08 2016-05 2018-07-11T17:45:37Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2049-3002 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116916 Keibler, Mark A. et al. “Metabolic Requirements for Cancer Cell Proliferation.” Cancer & Metabolism 4, 1 (August 2016): 16 © 2016 The Author(s) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-6543 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8676-5738 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-4192 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-4568 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/S40170-016-0156-6 Cancer & Metabolism Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf BioMed Central Ltd BioMedCentral

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1535712024-09-20T18:39:00Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Atomic layer-by-layer etching of graphene directly grown on SrTiO3 substrates for high-yield remote epitaxy and lift-off Kim, Ki Seok Kang, Ji Eun Chen, Peng Kim, Sungkyu Ji, Jongho Yeom, Geun Young Kim, Jeehwan Kum, Hyun S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering General Engineering General Materials Science Epitaxial lift-off techniques, which aim to separate ultrathin single-crystalline epitaxial layers off of the substrate, are becoming increasingly important due to the need of lightweight and flexible devices for heterogeneously integrated ultracompact semiconductor platforms and bioelectronics. Remote epitaxy is a relatively newly discovered epitaxial lift-off technique that allows substrate-seeded epitaxial growth of ultrathin films through few layers of graphene. This universal epitaxial lift-off technique allows freestanding single-crystal membrane fabrication very quickly at low cost. However, the conventional method of remote epitaxy requires transfer of graphene grown on another substrate to the target single-crystalline substrate, which results in organic and metallic residues as well as macroscopic defects such as cracks and wrinkles, significantly reducing the yield of remote epitaxy. Here, we show that direct growth of thick graphene on the target single-crystalline substrate (SrTiO3 for this study) followed by atomic layer etching (ALE) of the graphene layers create a defect- and residue-free graphene surface for high yield remote epitaxy. We find that the ALE efficiently removes one atomic layer of graphene per cycle, while also clearing multi-dots (clumps of carbon atoms) that form during nucleation of the graphene layers. Our results show that direct-grown graphene on the desired substrate accompanied by ALE might potentially be an ideal pathway toward commercialization of remote epitaxy. 2024-02-23T21:28:42Z 2024-02-23T21:28:42Z 2022-04-01 2024-02-23T21:22:38Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2166-532X https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/153571 Kim, Ki Seok, Kang, Ji Eun, Chen, Peng, Kim, Sungkyu, Ji, Jongho et al. 2022. "Atomic layer-by-layer etching of graphene directly grown on SrTiO3 substrates for high-yield remote epitaxy and lift-off." APL Materials, 10 (4). en 10.1063/5.0087890 APL Materials Creative Commons Attribution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf AIP Publishing AIP Publishing

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/503102019-04-09T15:18:23Zcom_1721.1_7759hdl_1721.1_7759com_1721.1_7758hdl_1721.1_7758com_1721.1_7621hdl_1721.1_7621com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_7767hdl_1721.1_7767col_1721.1_7631hdl_1721.1_7631

Influence of Reynolds number and blade geometry on low pressure turbine performance Bury, Mark Eric Choon S. Tan. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-173). by Mark Eric Bury. M.S. 2010-01-07T20:25:00Z 2010-01-07T20:25:00Z 1997 1997 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50310 37896579 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 173 p. application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/608982023-02-26T02:54:23Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Effects of vacancy-solute clusters on diffusivity in metastable Fe-C alloys Kabir, Mohammad Mukul Lau, Timothy T. Yip, Sidney Van Vliet, Krystyn J Lin, Xi, 1973- Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Kabir, Mohammad Mukul Lau, Timothy T. Yip, Sidney Diffusivity in defected crystals depends strongly on the interactions among vacancies and interstitials. Here we present atomistic analyses of point-defect cluster (PDC) concentrations and their kinetic barriers to diffusion in ferritic or body-centered-cubic (bcc) iron supersaturated with carbon. Among all possible point-defect species, only monovacancies, divacancies, and the PDC containing one vacancy and two carbon atoms are found to be statistically abundant. We find that the migration barriers of these vacancy-carbon PDCs are sufficiently high compared to that of monovacancies and divacancies. This leads to decreased self-diffusivity in bcc Fe with increasing carbon content for any given vacancy concentration, which becomes negligible when the local interstitial carbon concentration approaches twice that of free vacancies. These results contrast with trends observed in fcc Fe and provide a plausible explanation for the experimentally observed carbon dependence of volume diffusion-mediated creep in ferritic (bcc) Fe-C alloys. Moreover, this approach represents a general framework to predict self-diffusivity in alloys comprising a spectrum of point-defect clusters based on an energy-landscape survey of local energy minima (formation energies governing concentrations) and saddle points (activation barriers governing mobility). National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (PECASE program) 2011-02-04T15:58:32Z 2011-02-04T15:58:32Z 2010-10 2010-08 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1098-0121 1550-235X http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60898 Kabir, Mukul et al. “Effects of vacancy-solute clusters on diffusivity in metastable Fe-C alloys.” Physical Review B 82.13 (2010): 134112. © 2010 The American Physical Society. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-0560 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3230-280X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-0137 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.134112 Physical Review B Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Physical Society APS

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/930782022-09-30T00:46:20Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Elliptic Weyl Group Elements and Unipotent Isometries with P = 2 Lusztig, George Xue, Ting Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mathematics Lusztig, George Let G be a classical group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2 and let C be an elliptic conjugacy class in the Weyl group. In a previous paper the first named author associated to C a unipotent conjugacy class Φ(C) of G. In this paper we show that Φ(C) can be characterized in terms of the closure relations between unipotent classes. Previously, the analogous result was known in odd characteristic and for exceptional groups in any characteristic. National Science Foundation (U.S.) 2015-01-20T18:51:04Z 2015-01-20T18:51:04Z 2012-05 2011-11 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1088-4165 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93078 Lusztig, George and Xue, Ting. “Elliptic Weyl Group Elements and Unipotent Isometries with P = 2.” Representation Theory 16 (2012): 270–275. © 2012 American Mathematical Society https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-6892 en_US http://www.ams.org/journals/ert/2012-16-08/S1088-4165-2012-00415-0/S1088-4165-2012-00415-0.pdf Representation Theory Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Mathematical Society (AMS) American Mathematical Society

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/421462022-02-07T16:03:53Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023hdl_1721.1_131023

A bright idea? : the promise and peril of a memory drug Promise and peril of a memory drug Dowd, William (William Michael) Robert Kanigel. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Graduate Program in Science Writing. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Graduate Program in Science Writing MIT Program in Writing & Humanistic Studies Graduate Program in Science Writing. Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-51). In the MIT lab of neuropharmacologist Richard Wurtman, rodents that received a new Alzheimer's drug have shown a marked improvement in learning and memory. They are able to master elaborate mazes in half the time of their all-natural counterparts. Wurtman theorizes that the memory loss and dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease is caused not by amyloid plaques and tangles but by a gradual deterioration of the brain's synapses. Wurtman's drug-a cocktail of three dietary supplements including uridine, choline, and an omega-3 fatty acid called DHA-is designed to generate more synapses. The three ingredients deliver the stimulus and raw material needed to create more phosphatidylcholine, a major component of neuronal membrane. More membrane, the thinking goes, means more neuronal encounters, more synapses, and more relayed messages. Wurtman's cocktail has just entered a massive clinical trial involving 10,000 Alzheimer's patients spread across 10 European countries. The same drug that could preserve brain function in Alzheimer's patients also has potential as a memory drug for healthy people. This thesis explores the ethical questions surrounding such biotechnological enhancement. What might be the benefits and drawbacks of taking a memory booster? Could a class-like division eventually arise between those who get the drug and those who do not? Could the molecular manipulations of a smart drug-what some call "cosmetic pharmacology"--change qualities that are inextricable from who we are? by William Dowd. S.M.in Science Writing 2008-09-03T14:43:25Z 2008-09-03T14:43:25Z 2007 2007 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42146 228414126 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 51 leaves application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1178142023-05-08T17:22:48Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023hdl_1721.1_131023

Systemic risk in the interbank lending market Meng, Xianglin (Scientist in electrical engineering and computer science) Massachusetts Institute of Technology John N. Tsitsiklis and Munther A. Dahleh. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-81). Our goal is to understand the functioning of the interbank lending market in times of market stress. Working towards this goal, we conduct theoretical analysis and simulation to study the effects of network structure and shock scenarios on systemic risk in the market. We consider shocks of various sizes at both global and local scales. In terms of risk measures, we study relative systemic loss and the default rate, separating the latter quantity into fundamental default and contagion. Our simulations suggest that all systemic risk measures are similar on the well-studied directed Erdős-Rényi model and the more complex fitness model if we match the mean density and the mean edge weight of these two models. We show through both derivations and simulations that the network size has little effect on systemic risk when the network is sufficiently large. Moreover, as the mean degree grows, the different default rates considered all increase, while relative systemic loss decreases. Furthermore, simulations suggest that local shocks tend to cause more harm than global shocks of the same total size. We also derive upper and lower bounds on a bank's probability of default, only using its neighbors' information. For implementation, we build a method for real-time, automatic, interpretable assessment of financial systemic risk, which only requires temporal snapshots of observable data. Our algorithm takes in partial data, inferring a random graph model, and then generates empirical distributions for risk measures. The first part relies on inferring a fitness model that is compatible with observed information. For the second part, we use simulations to obtain empirical distributions for systemic risk that arises from interbank clearing. We test our method on synthetic data and apply it to the federal funds market using empirical data. Our method is fast enough to be incorporated into algorithms that produce intraday time trajectories of risk prediction. The data requirement is practical for investors as well as regulators, policy-makers, and financial institutions. by Xianglin Meng. S.M. 2018-09-17T14:50:46Z 2018-09-17T14:50:46Z 2018 2018 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117814 1051460349 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 81 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1102382022-09-30T00:46:28Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

SimpleMOC - A performance abstraction for 3D MOC He, Tim Gunow, Geoffrey Alexander Tramm, John Robert Forget, Benoit Robert Yves Smith, Kord S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Gunow, Geoffrey Alexander Tramm, John Robert Forget, Benoit Robert Yves Smith, Kord S. The method of characteristics (MOC) is a popular method for efficiently solving two-dimensional reactor problems. Extensions to three dimensions have been attempted with mitigated success bringing into question the ability of performing efficient full core three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Although the 3D problem presents many computational difficulties, some simplifications can be made that allow for more efficient computation. In this investigation, we present SimpleMOC, a “mini-app” which mimics the computational performance of a full 3D MOC solver without involving the full physics perspective, allowing for a more straightforward analysis of the computational challenges. A variety of simplifications are implemented that are intended to increase the computational feasibility, including the formation axially-quadratic neutron sources. With the addition of the quadratic approximation to the neutron source, 3D MOC is cast as a CPU-intensive method with the potential for remarkable scalability on next generation computing architectures. United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Nuclear Energy (Nuclear Energy University Programs Fellowship) United States. Dept. of Energy. Center for Exascale Simulation of Advanced Reactor United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357) 2017-06-23T20:31:25Z 2017-06-23T20:31:25Z 2015-10 2015-04 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper 9781510808041 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110238 Gunow, Geoffrey et al. "SimpleMOC - A PERFORMANCE ABSTRACTION FOR 3D MOC." ANS MC2015 - Joint International Conference on Mathematics and Computation (M&C), Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications (SNA) and the Monte Carlo (MC) Method, 19-23 April, 2015, Nashville, Tennessee, American Nuclear Society, 2015. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2413-5052 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-4402 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1459-7672 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-4312 en_US http://www.proceedings.com/27010.html Proceedings of ANS MC2015 - Joint International Conference on Mathematics and Computation (M&C), Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications (SNA) and the Monte Carlo (MC) Method Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf American Nuclear Society (ANS) Prof. Forget via Chris Sherratt

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/766682022-09-30T00:46:37Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Magnetization reversal and exchange bias effects in hard/soft ferromagnetic bilayers with orthogonal anisotropies Ross, Caroline A. Navas, David Otero Torrejon, J. Beron, F. Redondo, C. Batallan, Francisco Toperverg, P. Devishvili, Anton Sierra, B. Castano, F. Pirota, K. R Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ross, Caroline A. Navas, David Otero The magnetization reversal processes are discussed for exchange-coupled ferromagnetic hard/soft bilayers made from Co[subscript 0.66]Cr[subscript 0.22]Pt[subscript 0.12] (10 and 20 nm)/Ni (from 0 to 40 nm) films with out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic easy axes respectively, based on room temperature hysteresis loops and first-order reversal curve analysis. On increasing the Ni layer thicknesses, the easy axis of the bilayer reorients from out-of-plane to in-plane. An exchange bias effect, consisting of a shift of the in-plane minor hysteresis loops along the field axis, was observed at room temperature after in-plane saturation. This effect was associated with specific ferromagnetic domain configurations experimentally determined by polarized neutron reflectivity. On the other hand, perpendicular exchange bias effect was revealed from the out-of-plane hysteresis loops and it was attributed to residual domains in the magnetically hard layer. National Science Foundation (U.S.) MIT-Spain/La Cambra de Barcelona Seed Fund 2013-01-30T17:41:17Z 2013-01-30T17:41:17Z 2012-11 2012-06 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1367-2630 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76668 Navas, D et al. “Magnetization Reversal and Exchange Bias Effects in Hard/soft Ferromagnetic Bilayers with Orthogonal Anisotropies.” New Journal of Physics 14.11 (2012): 113001. © 2012 IOP Publishing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-1249 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/11/113001 New Journal of Physics Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ application/pdf IOP Publishing IOP

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1230662019-11-22T03:52:14Zcom_1721.1_7754hdl_1721.1_7754com_1721.1_7752hdl_1721.1_7752com_1721.1_7622hdl_1721.1_7622com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_7769hdl_1721.1_7769col_1721.1_7629hdl_1721.1_7629

Gastric resident systems for large dose drug delivery Verma, Malvika. Robert Samuel Langer. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Biological Engineering. Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2019 Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 154-176). Lack of medication adherence is a worldwide problem. As many as 50-70% of patients have trouble following treatment recommendations. Whereas adherence is driven by many factors including the socioeconomic status of a patient and the quality of the health care team, drug regimen complexity also affects treatment outcomes. For example, adherence decreases as the number of pills per dose and the number of doses per day increases. For diseases where potent medications are available, depot formulations provide sustained drug release to simplify dosing. For diseases lacking potent compounds for treatment, there remains an unmet need for depot systems that could transform medication adherence. Tuberculosis (TB) is one such disease with a high pill burden, where poor patient adherence to the treatment regimen is a major cause of treatment failure and contributes to the emergence of drug-resistant TB strains. For example, an average 60-kg patient with TB needs to take 3.3 g of antibiotics per day, which is a dose that exceeds the largest swallowable capsule and current depot systems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 10 million people developed TB in 2017 with a global economic burden amounting to $12 billion annually. This thesis presents a solution to the challenge of prolonged dosing for regimens such as TB that require multigram drug dosing. First, a gastric resident system (GRS) compatible with transesophageal administration was designed using biocompatible materials. The GRS consists of a series of drug pills on a coiled superelastic nitinol wire; the ends are protected with a retainer and tubing. Safe administration, gastric retention for 1 month, and retrieval of the GRS were demonstrated in a swine model. Next, sustained release formulations for 6 TB antibiotics were formulated into drug-polymer pills, and first-order drug release kinetics were achieved in vitro. Then, the GRS was demonstrated to be capable of safely encapsulating and releasing 10 grams of an antibiotic over the period of weeks in a swine model. Lastly, end-user assessment was evaluated with a field questionnaire in India and an economic model to estimate the impact of the GRS on the health care system. There are multiple applications of the GRS in the field of infectious diseases, as well as for other indications where multigram depots could impart meaningful benefits to patients, helping maximize adherence to their medication. "Funding and Resources: -- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation -- National Institutes of Health -- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship -- MIT Tata Center and leadership team for believing in and guiding our project" by Malvika Verma. Ph. D. Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering 2019-11-22T00:09:26Z 2019-11-22T00:09:26Z 2019 2019 Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123066 1127292014 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 176 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1108712019-04-09T15:18:29Zcom_1721.1_7609hdl_1721.1_7609com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581com_1721.1_7869hdl_1721.1_7869com_1721.1_5427hdl_1721.1_5427col_1721.1_7698hdl_1721.1_7698col_1721.1_7870hdl_1721.1_7870

Electoral reform in an authoritarian regime--the case of Mexico Klesner, Joseph L. (Joseph Lee) Peter H. Smith. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Political Science. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Political Science. Political Science. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 1988. Bibliography: v.3, leaves 628-655. by Joseph L. Klesner. Ph.D. 2017-08-01T13:13:49Z 2017-08-01T13:13:49Z 1988 1988 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110871 18589373 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 3 v. (655 leaves) application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/385562019-04-09T15:18:30Zcom_1721.1_7599hdl_1721.1_7599com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581com_1721.1_7814hdl_1721.1_7814com_1721.1_7813hdl_1721.1_7813col_1721.1_7663hdl_1721.1_7663col_1721.1_7817hdl_1721.1_7817

Optical frequency domain imaging of human retina and choroid OFDI of human retina and choroid Lee, Edward Chin Wang Seok-Hyun Yun and Brett E. Bouma. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a practical noninvasive technology for imaging the microstructure of the human eye in vivo. Using optical interferometry to spatially-resolve backreflections from within tissue, this high-resolution technique provides cross-sectional images of the anterior and posterior eye segments that had previously only been possible with histology. Current commercially-available OCT systems suffer limitations in speed and sensitivity, preventing them from effective screening of the retina and having a larger impact on the clinical environment. While other technological advances have addressed this problem, they are inadequate for imaging the choroid, which can be useful for evaluating choroidal disorders as well as early stages of retinal diseases. The objective of this thesis was to develop a new ophthalmic imaging method, termed optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI), to overcome these limitations. Preliminary imaging of the posterior segment of human eyes in vivo was performed to evaluate the utility of this instrument for comprehensive ophthalmic examination. (cont.) The 1050-nm OFDI system developed for this thesis comprised a novel wavelength-swept laser that delivered 2.7 mW of average power at a sweep rate of 18.8 kHz, representing a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in speed over previously-demonstrated lasers in the 1050-nm range and below. The system, with an optical exposure level of 550 gW, achieved resolution of 10 gm in tissue and sensitivity of >92 dB over a depth range of 2.4 mm. Two healthy volunteers were imaged with the OFDI system, with 200,000 A-lines over 10.6 seconds in each imaging session. In comparison to results from a state-of-the-art spectral-domain OCT system, the OFDI system provided deeper penetration into the choroid. This thesis demonstrates OFDI's capability for comprehensive imaging of the human retina, optic disc, and choroid in vivo. The deep penetration power of the system enabled the first simultaneous visualization of retinal and choroidal vasculature without the exogenous dyes required by angiography. The combined capability for imaging microstructure and vasculature using a single instrument may be a significant factor influencing clinical acceptance of ophthalmic OFDI technology. by Edward Chin Wang Lee. S.M. 2007-08-29T20:27:51Z 2007-08-29T20:27:51Z 2006 2006 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38556 144580228 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 87, [1] p. application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Machine learning methods for targeting and new product development Timoshenko, Artem. John R. Hauser and Duncan Simester. Sloan School of Management. Sloan School of Management Sloan School of Management. Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019 Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references. Chapter 1: Market research traditionally relies on interviews and focus groups to identify customer needs. User-generated content (UGC), such as online reviews, social media, and call-center data, provides an opportunity to identify customer needs more efficiently. Established methods are not well-suited for large UGC datasets because much of the content is uninformative or repetitive. We propose a machine learning approach for identifying customer needs from UGC and evaluate the method using a new dataset. Once identified, the needs can be used to inform marketing strategy, brand positioning and new product development. Chapter 2: Targeting policies are used in marketing to match different firm actions to different customers. For example, retailers want to send different promotions to different customers, real estate agents want to show different homes, and car dealers want to propose different prices. We conduct two large-scale field experiments to evaluate seven methods widely used to design targeting policies. The findings compare the performance of the targeting methods and demonstrate how well the methods address common data challenges. The challenges we study are covariate shift, concept shift, information loss through aggregation, and imbalanced data. We show that model-driven methods perform better than distance-driven methods and classification methods when the training data is ideal. However, the performance advantage vanishes in the presence of the challenges that affect the quality of the training data. Chapter 3: Firms typically compare the performance of different targeting policies by implementing the champion versus challenger experimental design. These experiments randomly assign customers to receive marketing actions recommended by either the existing (champion) policy or the new (challenger) policy, and then compare the aggregate outcomes. We recommend an alternative experimental design and propose an estimation approach to improve the evaluation of targeting policies. The recommended experimental design randomly assigns customers to marketing actions. This allows evaluation of any targeting policy without requiring an additional experiment, including policies designed after the experiment is implemented. The proposed estimation approach identifies customers for whom different policies recommend the same action and recognizes that for these customers there is no difference in performance. This allows for a more precise comparison of the policies. We illustrate the advantages of the experimental design and the estimation approach using data from an actual field experiment. We also demonstrate that the grouping of customers, which is the foundation of our estimation approach, can help to improve the training of new targeting policies. Chapter 4: Coupon personalization requires to predict how different combinations of coupons affect customer purchasing behavior. We develop a nonparametric model which predicts product choice for the entire assortment of a large retailer. Our model is nonparametric and is based on a deep neural network. The model inputs purchasing histories of individual customers and the coupon assignments to predict individual purchasing decisions. The model operates without ex-ante definitions of product categories. We evaluate the proposed product choice model in simulations. Our model significantly outperforms the baseline machine learning methods in terms of the prediction accuracy. Coupon personalization based on our model also achieves a substantially higher revenue compared to the baseline prediction methods. by Artem Timoshenko. Ph. D. Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management 2020-01-23T16:57:17Z 2020-01-23T16:57:17Z 2019 2019 Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123572 1135786537 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 195 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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On the algebraic K-theory of higher categories Barwick, Clark Edward Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mathematics Barwick, Clark Edward We prove that Waldhausen K-theory, when extended to a very general class of quasicategories, can be described as a Goodwillie differential. In particular, K-theory spaces admit canonical (connective) deloopings, and the K-theory functor enjoys a simple universal property. Using this, we give new, higher categorical proofs of the Approximation, Additivity, and Fibration Theorems of Waldhausen in this context. As applications of this technology, we study the algebraic K-theory of associative rings in a wide range of homotopical contexts and of spectral Deligne–Mumford stacks. 2017-06-22T22:30:11Z 2017-06-22T22:30:11Z 2016-01 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1753-8416 1753-8424 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110187 Barwick, Clark. “On the algebraicK-Theory of Higher Categories.” J Topology 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 245–347. en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/jtopol/jtv042 Journal of Topology Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Oxford University Press - London Mathematical Society MIT web domain

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Simulation of the diurnal variation of rainfall over the western Maritime Continent using a regional climate model Im, Eun-Soon Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. This study evaluates the performance of the MIT regional climate model (MRCM) in simulating the temporal and spatial structure of the diurnal variation of rainfall over the western Maritime Continent. In order to investigate the effect of model resolution, two identical simulations with 27 and 12 km horizontal resolutions are performed for a 30-year period (1982–2011). The simulated climatological features are compared with the TRMM 3B42 3-h observations. The analysis is focused on the regional characteristics of diurnal variation of rainfall in terms of phase and amplitude, with an emphasis on the difference in behaviors between land and ocean. Systematic modulation of the diurnal cycle over land and ocean characterizes the rainfall pattern over the Maritime Continent. The evening peak with strong amplitude over land and the morning peak with weak amplitude over ocean reflect the contrast in behavior between land and ocean. In general, both simulations are able to capture major features of diurnal rainfall variations with similarity in several aspects to TRMM observation. However, the improvement from increasing resolution is more apparent in the coastal and offshore areas, where rainfall processes are strongly tied with low-level wind that varies diurnally and regionally. A more realistic coastline and a sharp gradient of elevation derived from high resolution boundary conditions enhance the local circulation associated with land-sea breeze and topographic complexity, which in turn induces a favorable condition for the offshore convergence and associated rainfall occurrence. The MRCM with 12 km resolution simulates propagation of rainfall from inland to coastal or offshore areas, such as in the vicinity of western Sumatra, northern Java, and western Borneo Islands. However, further improvements can be gained from even higher resolution models, such as convection-permitting scale. 2018-06-19T18:02:44Z 2018-07-01T05:00:06Z 2017-09 2016-11 2018-06-16T04:23:11Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0930-7575 1432-0894 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116417 Im, Eun-Soon and Elfatih A. B. Eltahir. “Simulation of the Diurnal Variation of Rainfall over the Western Maritime Continent Using a Regional Climate Model.” Climate Dynamics 51, 1–2 (September 2017): 73–88 © 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6148-7997 en https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3907-3 Climate Dynamics Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany application/pdf Springer-Verlag Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Principal component analysis of dynamic fluorescence images for diagnosis of diabetic vasculopathy Seo, Jihye An, Yuri Lee, Jungsul Ku, Taeyun Kang, Yujung Ahn, Chulwoo Choi, Chulhee Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Ku, Taeyun Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been clinically used for noninvasive visualizations of vascular structures. We have previously developed a diagnostic system based on dynamic ICG fluorescence imaging for sensitive detection of vascular disorders. However, because high-dimensional raw data were used, the analysis of the ICG dynamics proved difficult. We used principal component analysis (PCA) in this study to extract important elements without significant loss of information. We examined ICG spatiotemporal profiles and identified critical features related to vascular disorders. PCA time courses of the first three components showed a distinct pattern in diabetic patients. Among the major components, the second principal component (PC2) represented arterial-like features. The explained variance of PC2 in diabetic patients was significantly lower than in normal controls. To visualize the spatial pattern of PCs, pixels were mapped with red, green, and blue channels. The PC2 score showed an inverse pattern between normal controls and diabetic patients. We propose that PC2 can be used as a representative bioimaging marker for the screening of vascular diseases. It may also be useful in simple extractions of arterial-like features. National Research Foundation of Korea (Bio & Medical Technology Development Program, Korean government funding, MSIP (No. 2011-0019697) 2016-07-07T15:17:07Z 2016-07-07T15:17:07Z 2016-04 2016-01 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1083-3668 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103534 Seo, Jihye, Yuri An, Jungsul Lee, Taeyun Ku, Yujung Kang, Chulwoo Ahn, and Chulhee Choi. “Principal Component Analysis of Dynamic Fluorescence Images for Diagnosis of Diabetic Vasculopathy.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 21, no. 4 (April 12, 2016): 046003. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-7579 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.21.4.046003 Journal of Biomedical Optics Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf SPIE SPIE

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Solid State Physics Thomas, J. B. Solid State Physics Electrical Breakdown in Germanium Contains reports on one research project. 2010-02-02T00:38:39Z 2010-02-02T00:38:39Z 1955-07-15 Technical Report RLE_ QPR_038_III http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51288 en Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Quarterly Progress Report, July 15, 1955 Solid State Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics. Quarterly Progress Report, no. 38 Copyright (c) 2008 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. application/pdf Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

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Choriocapillaris and Choroidal Microvasculature Imaging with Ultrahigh Speed OCT Angiography Jayaraman, Vijaysekhar Cable, Alex E. Duker, Jay S. Huber, Robert Fujimoto, James G. Choi, Woo Jhon Mohler, Kathrin Juliane Potsaid, Benjamin M. Lu, Chen David Liu, Jonathan Jaoshin Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Choi, Woo Jhon Mohler, Kathrin Juliane Potsaid, Benjamin M. Lu, Chen David Liu, Jonathan Jaoshin Fujimoto, James G. We demonstrate in vivo choriocapillaris and choroidal microvasculature imaging in normal human subjects using optical coherence tomography (OCT). An ultrahigh speed swept source OCT prototype at 1060 nm wavelengths with a 400 kHz A-scan rate is developed for three-dimensional ultrahigh speed imaging of the posterior eye. OCT angiography is used to image three-dimensional vascular structure without the need for exogenous fluorophores by detecting erythrocyte motion contrast between OCT intensity cross-sectional images acquired rapidly and repeatedly from the same location on the retina. En face OCT angiograms of the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature are visualized by acquiring cross-sectional OCT angiograms volumetrically via raster scanning and segmenting the three-dimensional angiographic data at multiple depths below the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Fine microvasculature of the choriocapillaris, as well as tightly packed networks of feeding arterioles and draining venules, can be visualized at different en face depths. Panoramic ultra-wide field stitched OCT angiograms of the choriocapillaris spanning ~32 mm on the retina show distinct vascular structures at different fundus locations. Isolated smaller fields at the central fovea and ~6 mm nasal to the fovea at the depths of the choriocapillaris and Sattler's layer show vasculature structures consistent with established architectural morphology from histological and electron micrograph corrosion casting studies. Choriocapillaris imaging was performed in eight healthy volunteers with OCT angiograms successfully acquired from all subjects. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrahigh speed OCT for in vivo dye-free choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature imaging, in addition to conventional structural imaging. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH R01-EY011289-27) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH R01-EY013178-12) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH R44-EY022864-01) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH R01-CA075289-16) United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-10-1-0551) United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-12-1-0499) 2014-04-03T17:35:45Z 2014-04-03T17:35:45Z 2013-12 2013-08 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85999 Choi, WooJhon, Kathrin J. Mohler, Benjamin Potsaid, Chen D. Lu, Jonathan J. Liu, Vijaysekhar Jayaraman, Alex E. Cable, Jay S. Duker, Robert Huber, and James G. Fujimoto. “Choriocapillaris and Choroidal Microvasculature Imaging with Ultrahigh Speed OCT Angiography.” Edited by Andreas Wedrich. PLoS ONE 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2013): e81499. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6235-0143 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-4357 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081499 PLoS ONE Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Public Library of Science PLoS

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Towards citizenship : experiences of seeking asylum on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity in the United States Experiences of seeking asylum on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity in the United States Isaak, David J. (David James) Balakrishnan Rajagopal. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Urban Studies and Planning. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Urban Studies and Planning. Urban Studies and Planning. Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-59). What is the experience like for LGBT Asylum Seekers in the United States? How can we conceive a sense of citizenship belonging among this population? For LGBT asylum seekers in the United States, the notion of gaining formal status as a refugee and ultimately U.S. citizenship is often a long, challenging process. An extended waiting time for asylum adjudication exasperates gaps in protection within an overall system of laws and policies that lean toward heteronormative - often unwelcoming or discriminatory - definitions of sexual orientation and gender identity. As such, these hurdles are not simply administratively remedied. They are meaningful conditions that restrict rights and ultimately a fundamental sense of citizenship belong. I argue that we can define a unique notion of transnational citizenship among LGBT asylum seekers who are caught between oppressive and unequitable formal institutions. Drawing from existing migration theory and citizenship studies, I claim that LGBT asylum seekers may form a sense of transnational citizenship that is not linked to a habitual physical crossing of national boundaries, but rather is concerned with the formation of enclaves of closely-knit LGBT sub-diaspora communities with the United States. by David J. Isaak. M.C.P. 2016-10-25T19:52:16Z 2016-10-25T19:52:16Z 2016 2016 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105066 959833788 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 65 pages application/pdf n-us--- Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Interlayer excitons with tunable dispersion relation Skinner, Brian J Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Skinner, Brian J Interlayer excitons, comprising an electron in one material bound by Coulomb attraction to a hole in an adjacent material, are composite bosons that can assume a variety of many-body phases. The phase diagram of the bosonic system is largely determined by the dispersion relation of the bosons, which itself arises as a combination of the dispersion relations of the electron and hole separately. Here I show that in situations where either the electron or the hole has a nonmonotonic, “Mexican hat-shaped” dispersion relation, the exciton dispersion relation can have a range of qualitatively different forms, each corresponding to a different many-body phase at low temperature. This diversity suggests a platform for continuously tuning between different quantum phases using an external field. United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0001088) 2017-07-06T18:51:32Z 2017-07-06T18:51:32Z 2016-06 2016-05 2016-06-07T22:00:20Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2469-9950 2469-9969 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110505 Skinner, Brian. "Interlayer excitons with tunable dispersion relation." Physical Review B 93, 235110 (June 2016): 1-7 © 2016 American Physical Society https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-3563 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.235110 Physical Review B Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. American Physical Society application/pdf American Physical Society American Physical Society

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The synthesis of architecture and landscape : designs for a cemetery Designs for a cemetery Ahern, Kristen L. (Kristen Lynn) Wellington Reiter. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture Architecture Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-60). Currently, the synthesis of landscape architecture and architecture is tenuous at best. Though considered separate disciplines with separate agendas, the two fields have the possibility through interaction to enrich and enliven the experience of design and form through formal, physical and spatial considerations. The designer has the ability to manipulate the user's experience through sequence, context and form in both disciplines in ways that evoke philosophical, introspective and sensual levels of perception. That which lies beyond the interaction of landscape and the built form is a synthesis that is more than a sum of its parts. This thesis proposes the creation of an environment that is richer than the autonomous solutions of the purely "landscaped" site or built form. A cemetery is the vehicle to explore the poetic, narrative and ritualistic aspects of architecture and landscape architecture. by Kristen L. Ahern. M.Arch. 2011-05-23T17:45:46Z 2011-05-23T17:45:46Z 1993 1993 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62915 28738719 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 63 leaves (some folded) application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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The Synthesis of Azaperylene-9,10-dicarboximides Andrew, Trisha Lionel Vanveller, Brett Steven Swager, Timothy Manning Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry Swager, Timothy Manning Andrew, Trisha Lionel Vanveller, Brett Steven Swager, Timothy Manning The syntheses of two azaperylene 9,10-dicarboximides are presented. 1-Aza- and 1,6-diazaperylene 9,10-dicarboximides containing a 2,6-diisopropylphenyl substituent at the N-imide position were synthesized in two steps starting from naphthalene and isoquinoline derivatives. 2012-10-24T19:25:06Z 2012-10-24T19:25:06Z 2010-11 2010-10 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0936-5214 1437-2096 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74242 Andrew, Trisha, Brett VanVeller, and Timothy Swager. “The Synthesis of Azaperylene-9,10-dicarboximides.” Synlett 2010.20 (2010): 3045–3048. Web. en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1259060 Synlett Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ application/pdf Thieme Publishing Group Prof. Swager via Erja Kajosalo

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A subdivision scheme for continuous-scale B-splines and affine invariant progressive Sapiro, Guillermo. Cohen, Albert. Bruckstein, Alfred, 1945- Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems. TK7855.M41 E3845 no.2225 Caption title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-22). Partially supported by the Rothschild Foundation-Yad Hanadiv. Partially supported by the Army Research Office. DAAL03-92-G-0115 Guillermo Sapiro, Albert Cohen, Alfred M. Bruckstein. 2003-04-29T15:39:50Z 2003-04-29T15:39:50Z 1994 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3354 eng LIDS-P ; 2225 28 p. 1598674 bytes application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems]

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Statistical Communication Theory Lee, Y. W. Margolis, S. G. Pezaris, S. D. Bose, A. G. McGinnis, C. E. Hayase, J. Y. Statistical Communication Theory Theorem Concerning Noise Figures Wiener Theory of Nonlinear Systems Properties of Second-Order Autocorrelation Functions Field Mapping by Crosscorrelation Correlation Detection of a Periodic Signal Multiplied by Noise Improvement in the Digital Electronic Correlator Measurement of Industrial Process Behavior Contains reports on seven research projects. 2010-02-01T22:40:06Z 2010-02-01T22:40:06Z 1954-10-15 Technical Report RLE_QPR_035_X http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51229 en Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Quarterly Progress Report, October 15, 1954 Statistical Communication Theory Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics. Quarterly Progress Report, no. 35 Copyright (c) 2008 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. application/pdf Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

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Summary of EDGES-3 results from the WA from 2023 day 54 to 298 Rogers, Alan E.E. 2024-05-03T18:09:23Z 2024-05-03T18:09:23Z 2023-11-01 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/154817 EDGES MEMO #432 application/pdf

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A global equilibrium model of sudden stops and external liquidity management Caballero, Ricardo J. Panageas, Stavros Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Economics September 7, 2007 2011-06-09T15:42:23Z 2011-06-09T15:42:23Z 2007 Working Paper globalequilibriu00caba http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63652 252875691 001514324 Abstract in HTML and working paper for download in PDF available via World Wide Web at the Social Science Research Network Working paper (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Economics) ; no. 08-05 application/pdf Cambridge, MA : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics

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MicroRNAs can generate thresholds in target gene expression Mukherji, Shankar Ebert, Margaret S. Sharp, Phillip A. van Oudenaarden, Alexander Tsang, John S. Zheng, Xinying Grace Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computational and Systems Biology Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT Mukherji, Shankar Ebert, Margaret S. Zheng, Grace X. Y. Sharp, Phillip A. van Oudenaarden, Alexander MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, highly conserved noncoding RNA molecules that repress gene expression in a sequence-dependent manner. We performed single-cell measurements using quantitative fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to monitor a target gene's protein expression in the presence and absence of regulation by miRNA. We find that although the average level of repression is modest, in agreement with previous population-based measurements, the repression among individual cells varies dramatically. In particular, we show that regulation by miRNAs establishes a threshold level of target mRNA below which protein production is highly repressed. Near this threshold, protein expression responds sensitively to target mRNA input, consistent with a mathematical model of molecular titration. These results show that miRNAs can act both as a switch and as a fine-tuner of gene expression. National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Director's Pioneer Award (1DP1OD003936) National Cancer Institute (U.S.). Physical Sciences-Oncology Center (U54CA143874) United States. Public Health Service (Grant R01-CA133404) United States. Public Health Service (Grant R01-GM34277) National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (PO1-CA42063) National Cancer Institute (U.S.) Cancer Center Support (Grant P30-CA14051) Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Predoctoral Fellowship Cleo and Paul Schimmel Foundation. Fellowship Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada PGS Scholarship 2012-11-13T15:19:50Z 2012-11-13T15:19:50Z 2011-08 2010-11 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1061-4036 1546-1718 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74623 Mukherji, Shankar et al. “MicroRNAs Can Generate Thresholds in Target Gene Expression.” Nature Genetics 43.9 (2011): 854–859. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-1691 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.905 Nature Genetics Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ application/pdf Nature Publishing Group PMC

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An empirical study of the distribution of earthquakes with respect to rock type and depth Hager, Bradford H Tal, Yuval Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Hager, Bradford H Tal, Yuval Whether fault slip occurs seismically or aseismically depends on the frictional properties of the fault, which might be expected to depend on rock type and depth, as well as other factors. To examine the effect of rock type and depth on the distribution of earthquakes, we compare geologic models of the San Francisco Bay and the Southern California regions to the distribution of seismicity. We normalize the number of earthquakes within each rock type and depth interval by the corresponding volume to determine the earthquake density. Earthquake density is determined primarily by depth, while whether the rock is sedimentary or basement has only a secondary, depth-dependent effect on the earthquake density. At very shallow depths, there is no difference in earthquake density between sedimentary and basement rocks. The earthquake density of basement rocks increases with depth more rapidly than that of sedimentary rocks to a similar but shallower maximum. United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-FE00097380) 2017-01-12T15:57:25Z 2017-01-12T15:57:25Z 2015-09 2015-08 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0094-8276 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106356 Tal, Yuval, and Bradford H. Hager. “An Empirical Study of the Distribution of Earthquakes with Respect to Rock Type and Depth: EARTHQUAKE DENSITY, ROCK TYPE, AND DEPTH.” Geophysical Research Letters 42.18 (2015): 7406–7413. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9294 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064934 Geophysical Research Letters Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf American Geophysical Union (AGU) Other repository

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On the content of empty categories Bouchard, Denis Noam Chomsky. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. Linguistics and Philosophy. Generative grammar Government (Grammar) Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1982. MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES Bibliography: leaves 506-514. by Denis Bouchard. Ph.D. 2009-01-23T14:39:58Z 2009-01-23T14:39:58Z 1982 1982 Thesis http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/15800 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15800 09961505 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/15800 http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 2 v. (514 [i.e. 516] leaves) application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station Aguilar, M. Aisa, D. Alpat, B. Alvino, A. Ambrosi, G. Andeen, K. Arruda, L. Attig, N. Azzarello, P. Bachlechner, A. Barao, F. Barrau, A. Barrin, L. Bartoloni, A. Basara, L. Battarbee, M. Battiston, R. Bazo, J. Beischer, B. Berdugo, J. Bertucci, B. Bigongiari, G. Bindi, V. Bizzaglia, S. Bizzarri, M. Boella, G. de Boer, W. Bollweg, K. Bonnivard, V. Borgia, B. Borsini, S. Boschini, M. J. Bourquin, M. Cadoux, F. Caroff, S. Casaus, J. Cascioli, V. Castellini, G. Cernuda, I. Cerreta, D. Cervelli, F. Chae, M. J. Chang, Y. H. Cheng, G. M. Chen, H. S. Cheng, L. Chou, H. Y. Chung, C. H. Clark, C. Clavero, R. Coignet, G. Consolandi, C. Contin, A. Corti, C. Gil, E. Cortina Coste, B. Creus, W. Crispoltoni, M. Cui, Z. Dai, Y. M. Delgado, C. Della Torre, S. Demirköz, M. B. Derome, L. Di Falco, S. Di Masso, L. Dimiccoli, F. Díaz, C. von Doetinchem, P. Donnini, F. Du, W. J. Duranti, M. D’Urso, D. Eronen, T. Fan, Y. Y. Farnesini, L. Feng, J. Fiandrini, E. Fiasson, A. Finch, E. Galaktionov, Y. Gallucci, G. García, B. García-López, R. Gargiulo, C. Gast, H. Gebauer, I. Gervasi, M. Ghelfi, A. Gillard, W. Giovacchini, F. Gong, J. Goy, C. Grabski, V. Grandi, D. Graziani, M. Guandalini, C. Guerri, I. Guo, K. H. Haas, D. Habiby, M. Haino, S. Han, K. C. He, Z. H. Hoffman, J. Huang, Z. C. Huh, C. Incagli, M. Ionica, M. Jang, W. Y. Jinchi, H. Kanishev, K. Kim, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kirn, Th. Kossakowski, R. La Vacca, G. Laudi, E. Laurenti, G. Lazzizzera, I. Lee, H. T. Lee, S. C. Leluc, C. Levi, G. Li, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Lim, S. Lin, C. H. Lipari, P. Lippert, T. Liu, D. Liu, H. Lolli, M. Lomtadze, T. Lu, M. J. Lu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Luebelsmeyer, K. Luo, J. Z. Lv, S. S. Majka, R. Mañá, C. Marín, J. Martin, T. Martínez, G. Masi, N. Maurin, D. Menchaca-Rocha, A. Meng, Q. Mo, D. C. Morescalchi, L. Mott, P. Müller, M. Ni, J. Q. Nikonov, N. Nozzoli, F. Nunes, P. Obermeier, A. Oliva, A. Orcinha, M. Palmonari, F. Palomares, C. Paniccia, M. Papi, A. Pauluzzi, M. Pedreschi, E. Pensotti, S. Pereira, R. Picot-Clemente, N. Pilo, F. Piluso, A. Pizzolotto, C. Pohl, M. Poireau, V. Postaci, E. Putze, A. Quadrani, L. Qi, X. M. Qin, X. Qu, Z. Y. Räihä, T. Rancoita, P. G. Rapin, D. Ricol, J. S. Rodríguez, I. Rosier-Lees, S. Rozza, D. Sagdeev, R. Sandweiss, J. Saouter, P. Sbarra, C. Schael, S. Schmidt, S. M. von Dratzig, A. Schulz Schwering, G. Scolieri, G. Seo, E. S. Shan, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shi, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Siedenburg, T. Son, D. Spada, F. Spinella, F. Sun, W. Sun, W. H. Tacconi, M. Tang, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tao, L. Tescaro, D. Tomassetti, N. Torsti, J. Türkoğlu, C. Urban, T. Vagelli, V. Valente, E. Vannini, C. Valtonen, E. Vecchi, M. Velasco, M. Vialle, J. P. Vitale, V. Vitillo, S. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, Z. X. Whitman, K. Wienkenhöver, J. Wu, H. Wu, X. Xia, X. Xie, M. Xie, S. Xiong, R. Q. Xin, G. M. Xu, N. S. Yang, J. Yang, M. Ye, Q. H. Yi, H. Yu, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Zeissler, S. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zheng, Z. M. Zhuang, H. L. Zhukov, V. Zichichi, A. Zimmermann, N. Zurbach, C. Behlmann, Matthew Daniel Cai, Xudong Chen, Hai Choumilov, Evgueni Choutko, Vitali Eline, Alexandre Goglov, Pavel Heil, Melanie Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei Kounina, Olga Kounine, Andrei Koutsenko, Vladimir Krafczyk, Matthew Scott Lebedev, Alexei Plyaskin, Vasily Rozhkov, Andrey B. Ting, Samuel Vaurynovich, Siarhei S. Wang, Xiaozhen Weng, Zhili Xu, Weiwei Yan, Qi Zuccon, Paolo Shi, X. Y. Sun, W. H. Chen, Andrew I Marks Ting, Susan Carol Becker, Ulrich J Burger, Joseph D Capell, Michael H Eppling, Frederic J Fisher, Peter H Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science Becker, Ulrich J. Behlmann, Matthew Daniel Burger, Joseph D. Cai, Xudong Capell, Michael H. Chen, Andrew I. Chen, Hai Choumilov, Evgueni Choutko, Vitali Eline, Alexandre Eppling, Frederic J. Fisher, Peter H. Galaktionov, Y. Goglov, Pavel Heil, Melanie Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei Kounina, Olga Kounine, Andrei Koutsenko, Vladimir Krafczyk, Matthew Scott Lebedev, Alexei Li, Q. Plyaskin, Vasily Rozhkov, Andrey B. Shi, X. Y. Sun, W. H. Ting, Samuel Ting, Susan Marks Vaurynovich, Siarhei S. Wang, Xiaozhen Weng, Zhili Xie, M. Xu, Weiwei Yan, Qi Zuccon, Paolo A precise measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays with rigidity (momentum/charge) from 1 GV to 1.8 TV is presented based on 300 million events. Knowledge of the rigidity dependence of the proton flux is important in understanding the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. We present the detailed variation with rigidity of the flux spectral index for the first time. The spectral index progressively hardens at high rigidities. 2015-05-04T12:27:27Z 2015-05-04T12:27:27Z 2015-04 2015-03 2015-04-30T22:00:07Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0031-9007 1079-7114 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96880 Aguilar, M., et al. "Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station." Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 171103 (April 2015). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-4613 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7831-7460 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-9774 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-9549 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-7007 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-0808 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-7266 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-8408 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1923-6289 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-3116 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-9021 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-8495 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-0167 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-6077 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8018-9701 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-6994 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-9181 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-3212 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-6847 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-5386 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4918-5128 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7216-9206 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-5968 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8667-5660 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-7274 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.171103 Physical Review Letters Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 authors application/pdf American Physical Society American Physical Society

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Reification without Evaluation Bawden, Alan Constructing self-referential systems, such as Brian Smith's 3-Lisp language, is actually more straightforward than you think. Anyone can build an infinite tower of processors (where each processor implements the processor at the next level below) by employing some common sense and one simple trick. In particular, it is not necessary to re-design quotation, take a stand on the relative merits of evaluation vs. normalization, or treat continuations as meta-level objects. This paper presents a simple programming language interpreter that illustrates how this can be done. By keeping its expression evaluator entirely separate from the mechanisms that implement its infinite tower, this interpreter avoids many troublesome aspects of previous self-referential programming languages. Given these basically straightforward techniques, processor towers might be easily constructed for a wide variety of systems to enable them to manipulate and reason about themselves. 2004-10-04T14:57:10Z 2004-10-04T14:57:10Z 1988-06-01 AIM-946 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6461 en_US AIM-946 1625825 bytes 1279151 bytes application/postscript application/pdf application/postscript application/pdf

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/957952022-09-30T00:47:09Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Super-Rényi entropy & Wilson loops for N = 4 SYM and their gravity duals Dyer, Ethan Stanley Sonner, Julian Crossley, Michael J. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science Crossley, Michael J. Sonner, Julian Dyer, Ethan Stanley We compute the supersymmetric Rényi entropies across a spherical entanglement surface in N = 4 SU(N) SYM theory using localization on the four-dimensional ellipsoid. We extract the leading result at large N and λ and match its universal part to a gravity calculation involving a hyperbolically sliced supersymmetric black hole solution of N = 4[superscript +] SU(2) × U(1) gauged supergravity in five dimensions. We repeat the analysis in the presence of a Wilson loop insertion and find again a perfect match with the dual string theory. Understanding the Wilson loop operator requires knowledge of the full ten-dimensional IIB supergravity solution which we elaborate upon. United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Research Agreement DE-FG02-05ER-41360) 2015-03-04T16:20:55Z 2015-03-04T16:20:55Z 2014-12 2014-09 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1029-8479 1126-6708 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95795 Crossley, Michael, Ethan Dyer, and Julian Sonner. “Super-Rényi Entropy & Wilson Loops for N = 4 SYM and Their Gravity Duals.” J. High Energ. Phys. 2014, no. 12 (December 2014). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-3325 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2014)001 Journal of High Energy Physics Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Springer-Verlag Springer-Verlag

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/98412022-01-13T07:54:35Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131022hdl_1721.1_131022

Forming of advanced thermoset composites : process development and deformation study Li, Haorong, 1969- Timothy G. Gutowski. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-152). by Haorong Li. Ph.D. 2005-08-19T16:13:08Z 2005-08-19T16:13:08Z 1998 1998 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9841 41232551 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 152 p. 9709196 bytes 9708955 bytes application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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The effect of improved aircraft efficiency on helicopter sales using system dynamics Weiner, Steven David, 1956- James H. Hines. System Design and Management Program. System Design and Management Program. System Design and Management Program. Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64). by Steven Davi9d Weiner. S.M. 2014-11-24T18:29:34Z 2014-11-24T18:29:34Z 2000 2000 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91712 45279700 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 72 leaves application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Stationarity Diagnostics for Monte Carlo Problems that Utilize Source Acceleration Schemes Forget, B Kumar, S Smith, K 2021-11-01T16:39:10Z 2021-11-01T16:39:10Z 2019-11 2021-08-09T17:45:07Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/136972 Forget, B, Kumar, S and Smith, K. 2019. "Stationarity Diagnostics for Monte Carlo Problems that Utilize Source Acceleration Schemes." Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 121. en 10.13182/T31349 Transactions of the American Nuclear Society Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf AMNS Other repository

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A continuum model for phase transitions in thermoelastic solids and its application to shape memory alloys Kim, Sang-Joo Rohan Abeyaratne. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1995. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-130). by Sang-Joo Kim. Ph.D. 2007-03-12T17:27:02Z 2007-03-12T17:27:02Z 1995 1995 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36519 32599057 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 130 leaves application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/466372022-01-13T07:54:36Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023hdl_1721.1_131023

Active noise control of supersonic impinging jet using pulsed microjets Hong, Seung Hyuck Anuradha M. Annaswamy. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering. Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-113). This thesis concerns an active noise control of supersonic impinging jet flow using unsteady microjet injection. Supersonic impinging jet involves several problems such as lift loss, ground erosion, significant noise pollution, and sonic fatigue, all of which are dominated by impinging tones mainly caused by well-known phenomenon, the feed back loop. The main goal of this study is to achieve uniform and consistent noise reduction in the entire range of jet operating condition, by means of intercepting this feed back loop. Experimental investigations on ideally expanded Mach number 1.5, supersonic impinging jet flow were carried out at the scaled supersonic experimental facility. The actuator used for active control is composed of pulsed microjets, utilizing a fraction of mass flow rate needed with steady microjets. Two means of producing pulsed microjet were introduced; one with a rotating cap, pulsing at 16 - 100Hz, and the other developed based on the principle of Hartmann tube, pulsing at 4.4 - 6.1kHz, referred to as high frequency actuator. Control parameters related to pulsed microjet injection with rotating cap were varied to evaluate their effects on suppression of impinging tones, whereas the effect of high frequency actuator is shown only as an initial step and needs further investigation in the future. For pulsed microjet with rotating cap, mass flow rate, directly proportional to the supply pressure of microjet, is found to be the most important parameter amongst all and saturated supply pressures for steady and pulsed microjet are demonstrated. It is demonstrated that pulsed microjet gives more noise reduction than steady microjet with the same mass flow rate, at certain range of supply pressure, and also that pulsed microjet could be as effective on suppression of impinging tones as steady microjet with less mass flow rate. In addition, the effect of pulsed microjet on hot temperature impinging jet was examined since the jet is much hotter than ambient air in reality. The concept of extremum control strategy is introduced to more efficiently find an optimal pulsing condition for uniform and consistent noise reduction. by Seung Hyuck Hong. S.M. 2009-08-26T17:09:42Z 2009-08-26T17:09:42Z 2009 2009 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46637 426489319 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 113 leaves application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Real-time mortality prediction in the Intensive Care Unit Johnson, Alistair Edward William Mark, Roger G Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science Real-time prediction of mortality for intensive care unit patients has the potential to provide physicians with a simple and easily interpretable synthesis of patient acuity. Here we extract data from a random time during each patient’s ICU stay. We believe this sampling scheme allows for the application of the model(s) across a future patient’s entire ICU stay. The AUROC of a Gradient Boosting model was high (AUROC=0.920), even though no information about diagnosis or comorbid burden was utilized. We also compare models using data from the first 24 hours of a patient’s stay against published severity of illness scores, and find the Gradient Boosting model greatly outperformed the frequently used Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (AUROC = 0.927 vs. 0.809). We nuance this performance with comparison to the literature, provide our interpretation, and discuss potential avenues for improvement. 2019-12-04T22:41:19Z 2019-12-04T22:41:19Z 2018-04 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123113 Johnson, Alistair E. W. and Roger G. Mark. "Real-time mortality prediction in the Intensive Care Unit." AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings (2017): 994-1003 © 2017 AMIA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977709/ AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf American Medical Informatics Association Prof. Mark via Courtney Crummett

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1170882023-02-26T02:27:31Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

A robust and active hybrid catalyst for facile oxygen reduction in solid oxide fuel cells Chen, Yu Chen, Yan Ding, Dong Ding, Yong Choi, YongMan Yoo, Seonyoung Chen, Dongchang deGlee, Ben Lu, Qiyang Zhao, Bote Vardar, Gulin Wang, Jiayue Bluhm, Hendrik Crumlin, Ethan J. Yang, Chenghao Liu, Jiang Yildiz, Bilge Liu, Meilin Zhang, Lei, Ph. D Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, fl. 2014. Xu, Han, M. Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Electrochemical Interfaces Chen, Yan Lu, Qiyang Vardar, Gulin Wang, Jiayue Yildiz, Bilge The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) greatly reduces the energy efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Here we report our findings in dramatically enhancing the ORR kinetics and durability of the state-of-the-art La[subscript 0.6]Sr[subscript 0.4]Co[subscript 0.2]Fe[subscript 0.8]O[subscript 3](LSCF) cathode using a hybrid catalyst coating composed of a conformal PrNi[subscript 0.5]Mn[subscript 0.5]O[subscript 3](PNM) thin film with exsoluted PrOxnanoparticles. At 750°C, the hybrid catalyst-coated LSCF cathode shows a polarization resistance of ∼0.022 Ω cm[superscript 2], about 1/6 of that for a bare LSCF cathode (∼0.134 Ω cm[superscript 2]). Further, anode-supported cells with the hybrid catalyst-coated LSCF cathode demonstrate remarkable peak power densities (∼1.21 W cm[superscript -2]) while maintaining excellent durability (0.7 V for ∼500 h). Near Ambient X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) analyses, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicate that the oxygen-vacancy-rich surfaces of the PrOxnanoparticles greatly accelerate the rate of electron transfer in the ORR whereas the thin PNM film facilitates rapid oxide-ion transport while drastically enhancing the surface stability of the LSCF electrode. 2018-07-24T17:47:03Z 2018-07-24T17:47:03Z 2017-04 2016-12 2018-07-23T13:21:11Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1754-5692 1754-5706 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117088 Chen, Yu et al. “A Robust and Active Hybrid Catalyst for Facile Oxygen Reduction in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.” Energy & Environmental Science 10, 4 (2017): 964–971 © 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-023X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-3684 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-3634 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-5666 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6EE03656B Energy & Environmental Science Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) MIT Web Domain

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1651952026-03-17T03:10:22Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Mindful young brains and minds: a systematic review of the neural correlates of mindfulness-based interventions in youth Jande, Jovan Treves, Isaac N. Ely, Samantha L. Gowatch, Leah C. Carpenter, Carmen Shampine, MacKenna Webb, Christian A. Sacchet, Matthew D. Gabrielli, John D. E. Marusak, Hilary A. McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences This systematic narrative review examines neuroimaging studies that investigated the neural correlates of mindfulness-based interventions in youth (ages 0–18). We extracted 13 studies with a total of 467 participants aged 5–18 years from the MEDLINE database on February 21st, 2024. These studies included both typically developing youth and those at risk of developing or recovering from neuropsychiatric disorders. Most studies (76.9%) utilized a pre-post intervention design, with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) being the most common imaging modality (46.1%), followed by task-based fMRI (38.4%), diffusion-weighted imaging (15.4%), and structural MRI (7.7%). Despite substantial heterogeneity across study designs and findings, several consistent patterns emerged. Resting-state fMRI studies generally reported increased functional connectivity within and between networks, notably involving the salience network, frontoparietal network, and default mode network. Studies using diffusion-weighted imaging indicated enhancements in white matter microstructural properties, supporting overall connectivity improvements. Several task-based fMRI studies identified decreased activation of the default mode network and heightened reactivity of the salience network during or after mindfulness practice, with real-time neurofeedback further amplifying these effects. While preliminary, the reviewed studies suggest that mindfulness interventions may alter both functional and structural connectivity and activity in youth, potentially bolstering self-regulation and cognitive control. Nonetheless, the variability in methodologies and small sample sizes restricts the generalizability of these results. Future research should prioritize larger and more diverse samples, and standardized mindfulness-based interventions to deepen our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based interventions in youth and to optimize their efficacy. 2026-03-16T19:48:00Z 2026-03-16T19:48:00Z 2025-03-03 2025-04-09T03:26:38Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/165195 Jande, J., Treves, I.N., Ely, S.L. et al. Mindful young brains and minds: a systematic review of the neural correlates of mindfulness-based interventions in youth. Brain Imaging and Behavior 19, 609–625 (2025). en https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-025-00989-9 Brain Imaging and Behavior Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature application/pdf Springer US Springer US

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/488112019-04-09T15:18:50Zcom_1721.1_1777hdl_1721.1_1777col_1721.1_1792hdl_1721.1_1792

A policy and lower bound for scheduling appointments Lee, Gloria F. M. Wein, Lawrence M. 2009-10-04T03:47:43Z 2009-10-04T03:47:43Z 1994 Working Paper policylowerbound00leeg http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/48811 30681768 000684182 Working paper (Sloan School of Management) ; 3693. application/pdf Cambridge, Mass. : Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Search for Eccentric Binary Black Hole Mergers with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo during Their First and Second Observing Runs LIGO Scientific Collaboration Virgo Collaboration Aggarwal, Nancy Barnum, Sam Barsotti, Lisa Biscans, Sebastien Biscoveanu, Sylvia Buikema, Aaron Demos, Nicholas Donovan, Frederick J Eisenstein, Robert Alan Evans, Matthew J Fernandez Galiana, Alvaro-Miguel Fishner, Jason M. Fritschel, Peter K Gras, Slawomir Hall, E. D. Haster, Carl-Johan Huang, Y. Isi Banales, Maximiliano S Katsavounidis, Erotokritos Lane, B. B. Lanza Jr, Robert K London, L. T. Lynch, Ryan Christopher MacInnis, Myron E Mansell, Georgia Mason, Kenneth R Matichard, Fabrice Mavalvala, Nergis McCuller, Lee P Mittleman, Richard K Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Satyanarayan Ng, Kwan Yeung Shoemaker, David H Sudhir, Vivishek Tse, Maggie Vitale, Salvatore Weiss, Rainer Whittle, Christopher Mark Yu, Hang Yu, Haocun Zucker, Michael E LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. When formed through dynamical interactions, stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) may retain eccentric orbits (e > 0.1 at 10 Hz) detectable by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. Eccentricity can therefore be used to differentiate dynamically formed binaries from isolated BBH mergers. Current template-based gravitational-wave searches do not use waveform models associated with eccentric orbits, rendering the search less efficient for eccentric binary systems. Here we present the results of a search for BBH mergers that inspiral in eccentric orbits using data from the first and second observing runs (O1 and O2) of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We carried out the search with the coherent WaveBurst algorithm, which uses minimal assumptions on the signal morphology and does not rely on binary waveform templates. We show that it is sensitive to binary mergers with a detection range that is weakly dependent on eccentricity for all bound systems. Our search did not identify any new binary merger candidates. We interpret these results in light of eccentric binary formation models. We rule out formation channels with rates ⪆100 Gpc-3 yr-1 for e > 0.1, assuming a black hole mass spectrum with a power-law index ≲2. 2022-10-12T16:37:23Z 2021-09-20T18:22:17Z 2022-10-12T16:37:23Z 2019 2020-10-21T16:37:18Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132414.2 en 10.3847/1538-4357/AB3C2D Astrophysical Journal Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 unported license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ application/octet-stream American Astronomical Society The American Astronomical Society

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/387902022-01-13T07:54:29Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023hdl_1721.1_131023

Quasistatic computing environments Eslick, Ian S. (Ian Scott) Thomas F. Knight. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). by Ian S. Eslick. M.Eng. 2007-08-29T20:55:37Z 2007-08-29T20:55:37Z 1996 1996 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38790 35332933 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 57 p. application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/359532019-04-09T15:18:51Zcom_1721.1_7605hdl_1721.1_7605com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581com_1721.1_7847hdl_1721.1_7847com_1721.1_7846hdl_1721.1_7846col_1721.1_7685hdl_1721.1_7685col_1721.1_7851hdl_1721.1_7851

Open loop and closed loop cup forming of aluminum sheet metals Jalkh, Pierre E. (Pierre Edovard) David E. Hardt. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Thesis (Mech. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1994. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-57). by Pierre E. Jalkh. Mech.E. 2007-02-21T10:05:06Z 2007-02-21T10:05:06Z 1994 1994 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35953 30801640 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 57 leaves application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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The reduction of acoustic noise emissions from a hard disk drive Ray, William H. (William Hamilton) Steven B. Leeb, Jeffrey H. Lang. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-158). by William H. Ray, V. M.S. 2006-11-06T16:07:32Z 2006-11-06T16:07:32Z 1994 1994 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34324 30822193 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 158 p. 9358930 bytes 9365549 bytes application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/300432019-04-09T15:18:53Zcom_1721.1_7596hdl_1721.1_7596com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581com_1721.1_7798hdl_1721.1_7798com_1721.1_7797hdl_1721.1_7797col_1721.1_7652hdl_1721.1_7652col_1721.1_7802hdl_1721.1_7802

Development of a wireless sensor unit for tunnel monitoring Wireless infrastructure monitoring Cheekiralla, Sivaram M. S. L., 1980- Ruaidhri M. O'Connor. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Civil and Environmental Engineering. Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-138). In this thesis we describe the development of a wireless sensor module for tunnel monitoring. The tunnel in question is a part of the London Underground system. Construction of a new tunnel beneath the existing tunnel is anticipated to cause quantifiable vertical displacement. To ensure safe operation of the tunnel during the construction activity, a real-time monitoring system has been created to measure vertical displacements along the critical zone near Highbury & Islington station. A geomechanical analysis, provided by a third party, is used to establish the allowable maximum displacement. A custom wireless sensor module was developed from off-the-shelf components. This module consists of a sensor device, microcontroller, ADC and RF transmitter. The integration of these components is described in detail. Deployment details and some preliminary results are presented. by Sivaram M.S.L. Cheekiralla. S.M. 2006-03-24T18:14:24Z 2006-03-24T18:14:24Z 2004 2004 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30043 55589761 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 138 p. 4949534 bytes 4949340 bytes application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/554962019-04-09T15:18:53Zcom_1721.1_49816hdl_1721.1_49816com_1721.1_4058hdl_1721.1_4058col_1721.1_55490hdl_1721.1_55490

Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy Young, E. F. Perry, C. H. McNelly, T. F. Optical Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Transmission Spectra of (ABF₃) Type Fluoride Perovskites Ferroelectric "Soft" Mode in KTaO₃ Contains reports on two research projects. Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 36-039-AMC-03200(E) 2010-06-05T04:09:47Z 2010-06-05T04:09:47Z 1966-10-15 Technical Report RLE_QPR_083_IV http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55496 en Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Quarterly Progress Report, October 15, 1966 General Physics Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics. Quarterly Progress Report, no. 83 Copyright (c) 2008 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. application/pdf Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1424452023-12-08T17:06:31Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Precise measurement of the fs/fd ratio of fragmentation fractions and of Bs0 decay branching fractions Williams, Michael Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics The ratio of the $B^0_s$ and $B^0$ fragmentation fractions, $f_s/f_d$, in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, is obtained as a function of $B$-meson transverse momentum and collision centre-of-mass energy from the combined analysis of different $B$-decay channels measured by the LHCb experiment. The results are described by a linear function of the meson transverse momentum, or with a function inspired by Tsallis statistics. Precise measurements of the branching fractions of the $B^0_s \to J/\psi \phi$ and $B^0_s \to D^-_s \pi^+$ decays are performed, reducing their uncertainty by about a factor of two with respect to previous world averages. Numerous $B^0_s$ decay branching fractions, measured at the LHCb experiment, are also updated using the new values of $f_s/f_d$ and branching fractions of normalisation channels. These results reduce a major source of systematic uncertainty in several searches for new physics performed through measurements of $B^0_s$ branching fractions. 2022-05-10T14:57:41Z 2022-05-10T14:57:41Z 2021 2022-05-10T14:54:00Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/142445 Williams, Michael. 2021. "Precise measurement of the fs/fd ratio of fragmentation fractions and of Bs0 decay branching fractions." Physical Review D, 104 (3). en 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.032005 Physical Review D Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 application/pdf American Physical Society (APS) APS

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/496202022-01-13T07:54:14Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131022hdl_1721.1_131022

Acoustic classification of zooplankton Martin Traykovski, Linda V. (Linda Victoria), 1966- Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Biology Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1998. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-185). by Linda V. Martin Traykovski. Ph.D. 2009-11-06T16:09:49Z 2009-11-06T16:09:49Z 1998 1998 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49620 39110879 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 185 leaves application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/858292022-01-13T07:53:53Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131024hdl_1721.1_131024

Leverage of change : social housing in Tijuana, México Social housing in Tijuana, México García Torres, Isidro Reinhard K. Goethert. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture Architecture. Thesis: S.B. in Art and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2005. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-84). As a town that has heavy migration, Tijuana is in constant need of social housing for its lower income families. The demands of the population have created an overload on the government, and some third parties have begun addressing the housing issues. A study was carried out on two different types of social housing organizations that have presence in Mexico. An analysis of their policies and objectives, along with a brief statement of their purpose and creation accompanies the study. Surveys and interviews were conducted on-site with inhabitants from both projects, INFONAVIT and Habitat for Humanity. The former is government sponsored and the latter is funded by an international non- profit organization; these are factors that influence the magnitude and impact of their programs. Their relevance and pertinence to the socioeconomic group that they serve is reflected through architectural modifications that the dwellers make in their houses. An economic analysis of costs for the modifications yields a perspective of the beneficiaries' space needs and priorities. The results from the surveys show that inhabitants modify their homes with simple upgrades; those who do not have modifications plan to carry them out in the future. They have concerns for security and aesthetics. Although these constructions are built with the economic factor in mind, the owners always upgrade their houses for the sake of comfort, and they express their willingness to pay more for the constructions, if it guarantees them improved architectural finishes. In the final part of the thesis some suggestions and proposals are made in the interest of improving design standards and living conditions in the constructions that these social organizations produce; suggestions are also made for future adaptability of the base models that are built by each of the organizations under scrutiny. by Isidro García Torres. S.B. in Art and Design 2014-03-19T15:48:13Z 2014-03-19T15:48:13Z 2005 2005 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85829 872274126 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 84 pages application/pdf n-mx--- Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Feasibility study of Leonardo da Vinci's bridge proposal over the Golden Horn in Istanbul Bast, Karly Maria. John A. Ochsendorf. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering. Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2019 Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages [47]). This thesis investigates the feasibility of a masonry arch bridge proposed by Leonardo da Vinci (1452 -1519). Leonardo wrote a proposal in 1502-1503 for a masonry bridge spanning over the Golden Horn in present-day Istanbul, Turkey. The design was a response to an invitation by the Sultan Bayezid II (1447-1512) to construct a bridge connecting Galata and Istanbul. Had Leonardo's design been constructed, at a span of roughly 280 meters, it would have been the one of the longest spans in the pre-Industrial world. This thesis examines Leonardo's proposal. assesses the proposed location and geometry, and determines the feasibility of the design through a structural analysis. As the proposed bridge is a masonry structure, the most critical structural factors include geometric stability and the response to support displacements. Both of these factors are tested through analytical means and a 3D physical model supported by moveable abutments. The combination of the initial stability, the kinematic mechanism under spreading supports, and the geotechnical conditions demonstrates the bridge's feasibility. by Karly Maria Bast. M. Eng. M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 2019-12-13T18:52:28Z 2019-12-13T18:52:28Z 2019 2019 Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123216 1129457325 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 46, 1 unnumbered pages application/pdf a-tu--- Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Hydrogen production from aluminum-water reactions subject to high pressure and temperature conditions Seto, Kelsey C Douglas P. Hart. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Mechanical Engineering. Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-77). Aluminum fuel has become an attractive form of energy storage in recent years as it is both a highly abundant and extremely energy dense material. Research has discovered methods of treating aluminum with liquid metal, enabling the aluminum to produce large amounts of hydrogen when oxidized by liquid water. When this fuel reacts with water, it produces hydrogen, heat, and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ). Although this aluminum fuel has already been integrated into an effective mobile hydrogen production source for hydrogen fuel cells, the system size and weight is restricted by the amount of water that is required to react the aluminum. The less water that needs to be carried on board, the better, and the only way to decrease the amount of water that is required to produce hydrogen through aluminum-water reactions is to alter the chemistry of the reaction. This thesis investigates the possibility of manipulating the chemistry of these reactions at high pressures and temperatures to produce aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) or aluminum oxide (Al203 ), both of which are byproducts of aluminum-water reactions which consume less water than the Al(OH) 3 reaction for the amount of hydrogen produced. A MATLAB simulation was constructed to predict the favorability of each byproduct by analyzing the Gibbs free energy of the reactions as a function of pressure and temperature. This simulation revealed that A100H becomes favorable over Al(OH) 3 at 142.38°C and 387kPa and A120 3 becomes favorable over A100H at 174.21°C and 889kPa in a system with a 200ml volume in which 5g of fuel is reacted. Pressurized tests were also carried out and the experiment results showed that A1OOH was produced from these aluminum-water reactions at 181°C and 1035kPa, proving that it is possible to manipulate these reactions to improve the performance of aluminum fuel as a hydrogen source. by Kelsey Carolyn Seto. S.M. 2017-10-18T15:10:44Z 2017-10-18T15:10:44Z 2017 2017 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111936 1005922262 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 77 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Nucleon structure and Its modification in nuclei Schmookler, Barak (Barak A.) Or Hen and Shalev Gilad. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics. Physics. Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2018. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 181-184). Inclusive electron scattering experiments using fixed targets are an important tool for studying the structure of the nucleons. The electromagnetic structure of the proton, as encapsulated by its elastic form factors, can be extracted through measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross-section. The GMp experiment in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) seeks to measure this cross-section with high precision up to large momentum transfers. In addition, it is known that the inelastic structure of the nucleon is modified inside the nucleus. This modification, known as the EMC effect, can be studied using inclusive electron Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) on a nuclear target. Evidence suggests that the EMC effect may arise due to nucleon Short Range Correlations (SRC). This thesis describes studies of the elastic proton form factor measured in the GMp experiment at Hall A of JLab and studies of the EMC effect in nuclei relative to deuterium using data collected at the CLAS detector in Hall B at JLab. Furthermore, this works presents new measurements of SRC pair abundances in nuclei and develops a data-driven SRCbased phenomenological model of the EMC effect, which can correctly describe the effect across nuclei. by Barak Schmookler. Ph. D. 2019-01-11T16:03:10Z 2019-01-11T16:03:10Z 2018 2018 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119928 1079759810 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 184 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Magnetohydrodynamics and charged currents in heavy ion collisions Gürsoy, Umut Kharzeev, Dmitri Rajagopal, Krishna Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics © 2014 Elsevier B.V. The hot QCD matter produced in any heavy ion collision with a nonzero impact parameter is produced within a strong magnetic field. We study the imprint the magnetic fields produced in non-central heavy ion collisions leave on the azimuthal distributions and correlations of the produced charged hadrons. The magnetic field is time-dependent and the medium is expanding, which leads to the induction of charged currents due to the combination of Faraday and Hall effects. We find that these currents result in a charge-dependent directed flow v1 that is odd in rapidity and odd under charge exchange. It can be detected by measuring correlations between the directed flow of charged hadrons at different rapidities. 2022-07-08T16:03:28Z 2021-10-27T20:05:24Z 2022-07-08T16:03:28Z 2014 2019-06-18T12:52:05Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/134522.2 en 10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSA.2014.09.039 Nuclear Physics A Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/octet-stream Elsevier BV arXiv

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/821462022-09-23T09:24:29Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Visualization of nitric oxide production in the mouse main olfactory bulb by a cell-trappable copper(II) fluorescent probe McQuade, Lindsey E. Ma, Jie Lowe, Graeme Ghatpande, Ambarish Gelperin, Alan Lippard, Stephen J. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry McQuade, Lindsey E. Lippard, Stephen J. We report the visualization of NO production using fluorescence in tissue slices of the mouse main olfactory bulb. This discovery was possible through the use of a novel, cell-trappable probe for intracellular nitric oxide detection based on a symmetric scaffold with two NO-reactive sites. Ester moieties installed onto the fluorescent probe are cleaved by intracellular esterases to yield the corresponding negatively charged, cell-impermeable acids. The trappable probe Cu[subscript 2](FL2E) and the membrane-impermeable acid derivative Cu[subscript 2](FL2A) respond rapidly and selectively to NO in buffers that simulate biological conditions, and application of Cu[subscript 2](FL2E) leads to detection of endogenously produced NO in cell cultures and olfactory bulb brain slices. National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CHE-061194) 2013-11-15T20:19:07Z 2013-11-15T20:19:07Z 2010-05 2009-12 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0027-8424 1091-6490 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82146 McQuade, L. E., J. Ma, G. Lowe, A. Ghatpande, A. Gelperin, and S. J. Lippard. “Visualization of nitric oxide production in the mouse main olfactory bulb by a cell-trappable copper(II) fluorescent probe.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 19 (May 11, 2010): 8525-8530. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-4982 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914794107 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) PNAS

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/138158.22022-02-08T19:27:50Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Contingent grounding Baron-Schmitt, Nathaniel Abstract A popular principle about grounding, “Internality”, says that if A grounds B, then necessarily, if A and B obtain, then A grounds B. I argue that Internality is false. Its falsity reveals a distinctive, new kind of explanation, which I call “ennobling”. Its falsity also entails that every previously proposed theory of what grounds grounding facts is false. I construct a new theory. 2022-02-08T19:27:49Z 2021-11-19T12:51:47Z 2022-02-08T19:27:49Z 2021-01 2020-07 2021-11-19T04:31:05Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1573-0964 0039-7857 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138158.2 Baron-Schmitt, Nathaniel. 2021. "Contingent grounding." en https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-020-02991-8 Synthese Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature application/octet-stream Springer Netherlands Springer Netherlands

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/902262019-04-09T15:18:59Zcom_1721.1_7618hdl_1721.1_7618com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581com_1721.1_7916hdl_1721.1_7916com_1721.1_1777hdl_1721.1_1777col_1721.1_7730hdl_1721.1_7730col_1721.1_7919hdl_1721.1_7919

An analysis of culture in The Kirin Group Yoshida, Satoko John Van Maanen. Sloan School of Management. Sloan School of Management. Sloan School of Management. Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-92). Today, a broad and deep understanding of the concept of "culture" is one of the keys to understanding and solving the challenges of managing complex organizations. The Kirin Group, too, has been working on changing its organization culture. Specifically, after Kirin began to implement its globalization strategy in 2006, the organization culture challenge became one of the keystones to executing the new strategy. The Japanese alcohol market is shrinking so rapidly that Kirin recognizes it must expand its business beyond its home market and into overseas markets. Kirin aims to achieve sustainable growth through this globalization. To execute the 2006 business strategy, Kirin engaged in a number of mergers and acquisitions that brought cultural diversity into the Kirin organization. This expansion requires Kirin to understand and embrace a range of different cultures. Historically, Kirin has pursued organic growth and maintained a mono-culture organization. Even though Kirin understands the necessity of this organization culture change in order to align with its new strategy, Kirin is still moving along the road to culture change. It is a challenge. In this thesis, I explore the question of how to build organization culture in a decentralized, global company. I define culture and the concepts of culture analysis, then analyze Kirin Group's organization culture from the perspective of these concepts. I focus specifically on how Kirin operates in two different cultures: Japan and Brazil. Through my analysis, I found that Kirin is altering its approach to culture change as it learns from its own experiences in past efforts. However, Kirin also postponed solving some fundamental culture change challenges in order to mitigate the impact of organization change. I recommend that Kirin fully embrace diverse cultures and include them in the overall Kirin Group culture as part of its strategy of becoming a global company. by Satoko Yoshida. M.B.A. 2014-09-19T21:47:12Z 2014-09-19T21:47:12Z 2014 2014 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90226 890374963 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 92 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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The impact of the World Health Organization 8-steps in wheelchair service provision in wheelchair users in a less resourced setting: a cohort study in Indonesia Toro, Maria L Pearlman, Jonathan Eke, Chika Uzoma Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Eke, Chika Uzoma Background For people who have a mobility impairment, access to an appropriate wheelchair is an important step towards social inclusion and participation. The World Health Organization Guidelines for the Provision of Manual Wheelchairs in Less Resourced Settings emphasize the eight critical steps for appropriate wheelchair services, which include: referral, assessment, prescription, funding and ordering, product preparation,fitting and adjusting, user training, and follow-up and maintenance/repairs. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the provision of wheelchairs according to the World Health Organization’s service provision process by United Cerebral Palsy Wheels for Humanity in Indonesia affects wheelchair recipients compared to wait-listed controls. Methods This study used a convenience sample (N = 344) of Children, Children with proxies, Adults, and Adults with proxies who were on a waiting list to receive a wheelchair as well as those who received one. Interviews were conducted at baseline and a 6 month follow-up to collect the following data: Demographics and wheelchair use questions, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, Functional Mobility Assessment, Craig Handicap Assessment Recording Technique Short Form. The Wheelchair Assessment Checklist and Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire were administered at follow up only. Results 167 participants were on the waiting list and 142 received a wheelchair. Physical health domain in the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF improved significantly for women who received a wheelchair (p = 0.044) and environmental health improved significantly for women and men who received a wheelchair as compared to those on the waiting list (p < 0.017). Satisfaction with the mobility device improved significantly for Adults with proxies and Children with proxies as compared to the waiting list (p < 0.022). Only 11 % of Adults who received a wheelchair reported being able to perform a “wheelie”. The condition of Roughrider wheelchairs was significantly better than the condition of kids wheelchairs for Children with proxies as measured by the Wheelchair Assessment Checklist (p = 0.019). Conclusions Wheelchair provision according to World Health Organization’s 8-Steps in a less-resourced setting has a range of positive outcomes including increased satisfaction with the mobility device and better quality of life. Wheelchair provision service could be improved by providing more hours of wheelchair skills training. There is a need for outcome measures that are validated across cultures and languages. United States. Agency for International Development (Grant GPO-A-00-04-00021-00 SPANS 001) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (ASPIRE Grant 1262670) United States. Veterans Administration (Grant B6789C) 2016-01-25T17:09:45Z 2016-01-25T17:09:45Z 2016-01 2014-11 2016-01-23T05:39:39Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1472-6963 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100977 Toro, Maria L., Chika Eke, and Jonathan Pearlman. “The Impact of the World Health Organization 8-Steps in Wheelchair Service Provision in Wheelchair Users in a Less Resourced Setting: a Cohort Study in Indonesia.” BMC Health Serv Res 16, no. 1 (December 2015). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-8311 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1268-y BMC Health Services Research Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Toro et al. application/pdf BioMed Central BMC

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Classifying Alzheimer's Disease Using Audio and Text-Based Representations of Speech Haulcy, R'mani(R'mani Symon) Glass, James R Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a form of dementia that affects the memory, cognition, and motor skills of patients. Extensive research has been done to develop accessible, cost-effective, and non-invasive techniques for the automatic detection of AD. Previous research has shown that speech can be used to distinguish between healthy patients and afflicted patients. In this paper, the ADReSS dataset, a dataset balanced by gender and age, was used to automatically classify AD from spontaneous speech. The performance of five classifiers, as well as a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network, was compared when trained on audio features (i-vectors and x-vectors) and text features (word vectors, BERT embeddings, LIWC features, and CLAN features). The same audio and text features were used to train five regression models to predict the Mini-Mental State Examination score for each patient, a score that has a maximum value of 30. The top-performing classification models were the support vector machine and random forest classifiers trained on BERT embeddings, which both achieved an accuracy of 85.4% on the test set. The best-performing regression model was the gradient boosting regression model trained on BERT embeddings and CLAN features, which had a root mean squared error of 4.56 on the test set. The performance on both tasks illustrates the feasibility of using speech to classify AD and predict neuropsychological scores. 2021-09-22T17:40:42Z 2021-09-22T17:40:42Z 2021-01 2020-10 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1664-1078 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132627 Haulcy, R'mani and James Glass. "Classifying Alzheimer's Disease Using Audio and Text-Based Representations of Speech." Frontiers in Psyhcology 11 (January 2021): 624137. © 2021 Haulcy and Glass https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.624137 Frontiers in Psyhcology Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Frontiers Media SA Frontiers

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/663892019-04-09T15:19:00Zcom_1721.1_7750hdl_1721.1_7750com_1721.1_7749hdl_1721.1_7749com_1721.1_7583hdl_1721.1_7583com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_7772hdl_1721.1_7772col_1721.1_7635hdl_1721.1_7635

Population policy and urban housing in China Gao, Mingzheng, 1965- Wellington J. Reiter. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. Architecture. Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52). This thesis will focus on how urban housing design reflects the new one-child family population policy in the traditional urban context in Beijing, China. The population policy has changed the size and structure of traditional family, and further affected children's growing up environment. Children, used to grow up in a joint family of three generations in a traditional courtyard house, now have isolated by apartment box. The traditional social and spatial relationships among children, families, and neighbors have been extremely weakened. My intention is to restore the lost relationships for lonely children in a high density residential complex. This complex, transformed from the traditional single story courtyard house, becomes one big house, where all neighbors live under one roof as one big family. As a consequence, children in a one child family still have the same feeling of multi generations living together as their old generations had before. by Mingzheng Gao. M.Arch. 2011-10-17T21:20:26Z 2011-10-17T21:20:26Z 1999 1999 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66389 43642671 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 52 leaves application/pdf a-cc--- Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/740302024-05-15T05:25:18Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

On the Emergent Spectra of Hot Protoplanet Collision Afterglows Miller-Ricci, Eliza Meyer, Michael R. Seager, Sara Elkins Tanton, Linda T. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Seager, Sara Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. We explore the appearance of terrestrial planets in formation by studying the emergent spectra of hot molten protoplanets during their collisional formation. While such collisions are rare, the surfaces of these bodies may remain hot at temperatures of 1000-3000 K for up to millions of years during the epoch of their formation (of duration 10-100 Myr). These objects are luminous enough in the thermal infrared to be observable with current and next-generation optical/IR telescopes, provided that the atmosphere of the forming planet permits astronomers to observe brightness temperatures approaching that of the molten surface. Detectability of a collisional afterglow depends on properties of the planet's atmosphere—primarily on the mass of the atmosphere. A planet with a thin atmosphere is more readily detected, because there is little atmosphere to obscure the hot surface. Paradoxically, a more massive atmosphere prevents one from easily seeing the hot surface, but also keeps the planet hot for a longer time. In terms of planetary mass, more massive planets are also easier to detect than smaller ones because of their larger emitting surface areas—up to a factor of 10 in brightness between 1 and 10 M[subscript ⊕] planets. We present preliminary calculations assuming a range of protoplanet masses (1-10 M[subscript ⊕]), surface pressures (1-1000 bar), and atmospheric compositions, for molten planets with surface temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1800 K, in order to explore the diversity of emergent spectra that are detectable. While current 8 to 10 m class ground-based telescopes may detect hot protoplanets at wide orbital separations beyond 30 AU (if they exist), we will likely have to wait for next-generation extremely large telescopes or improved diffraction suppression techniques to find terrestrial planets in formation within several AU of their host stars. National Science Foundation (U.S.) 2012-10-16T17:52:13Z 2012-10-16T17:52:13Z 2009-09 2008-11 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0004-637X 1538-4357 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74030 Miller-Ricci, Eliza et al. “On the Emergent Spectra of Hot Protoplanet Collision Afterglows.” The Astrophysical Journal 704.1 (2009): 770–780. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-1098 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-6948 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/704/1/770 Astrophysical Journal Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf IOP Publishing IOP

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1651172026-03-17T03:05:56Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023hdl_1721.1_131023

Human Factors Observations in Flightcrew Response to System Failure Events in Transport Category Aircraft from 2000 to 2024 Perez Gago, Cecilia Hansman, R. John Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Understanding the effects of changes in aircraft technology on pilot response to system failure is crucial in the context of recent aviation safety events. This thesis makes human factors observations on pilot response to system malfunction in transport category aircraft through an analysis of final investigation reports produced by investigative authorities worldwide from 2000-2024. In the collected reports, system failure events in aircraft of newer generations correlated with higher percentages of appropriate response. Pilot response appropriateness was found to vary between systems, with particularly low appropriate response to failure of instruments and navigation, fuel, and autoflight systems (in decreasing order). When comparing the findings from the 2000-2024 data collection to those from a 1990-2000 study, pilot appropriate response was found to have increased for failures of the hydraulic and electrical systems. Pilot response to instruments and navigation, and autoflight failures was found to be low in both studies. Crew Alerting System (CAS) messages as initial stimuli for failure awareness were found to support increased levels of appropriate response percentages for failure of the electrical and hydraulic systems. CAS messages did not lead to a substantial improvement in appropriate response to failure of instruments and navigation, fuel, or the autoflight system. Finally, Endsley’s Situation Awareness theory was used as a framework to derive observations in the formulation of pilot responses to system failure across cases. CAS messages and system synoptic displays were observed to contribute to appropriate pilot perception, comprehension, and projection of failure of simple systems. Significant underlying complexity in the function of the autoflight and instruments and navigation systems, and the increased use of sensing, correlated with difficulty in comprehension and projection of system behavior following multiple failure events in 2000-2024 reports. Additionally, examples of failures across systems which displayed delayed or subtle stimuli, and unexpected system dependencies, were observed to lead to difficulties in flightcrew achievement of Level 2 and Level 3 Situation Awareness. Changes in aircraft technology were deemed to have had a varying effect on pilot situation awareness during failure of different airplane systems. Improvements in pilot response were observed in relatively simple systems, and gaps were identified given increased vulnerabilities in failure of systems with high functional complexity. S.M. 2026-03-16T15:43:05Z 2026-03-16T15:43:05Z 2025-09 2025-09-17T13:24:56.263Z Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/165117 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted Copyright retained by author(s) https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Large U(1) charges in F-theory Raghuram, Nikhil Taylor IV, Washington Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Raghuram, Nikhil Taylor IV, Washington We show that massless fields with large abelian charges (up to at least q = 21) can be constructed in 6D F-theory models with a U(1) gauge group. To show this, we explicitly construct F-theory Weierstrass models with nonabelian gauge groups that can be broken to U(1) theories with a variety of large charges. Determining the maximum abelian charge allowed in such a theory is key to eliminating what seems currently to be an infinite swampland of apparently consistent U(1) supergravity theories with large charges. 2018-11-19T14:44:43Z 2018-11-19T14:44:43Z 2018-10 2018-09 2018-10-31T05:22:16Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1029-8479 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119179 Raghuram, Nikhil and Washington Taylor. "Large U(1) charges in F-theory." Journal of High Energy Physics October 2018, 2018:182. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-871X https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8566-6706 en https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2018)182 Journal of High Energy Physics Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Author(s) application/pdf Springer Berlin Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Redox-active ligands and conducting polymers in the electrochemical control of reactivity Lorkovic, Ivan Mark S. Wrighton. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry Chemistry Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1995. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-159). by Ivan Lorkovic. Ph.D. 2006-03-29T18:19:38Z 2006-03-29T18:19:38Z 1995 1995 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32152 32598858 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 159 leaves 6487601 bytes 6496668 bytes application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/603602022-09-30T00:47:48Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

The Lack of ADAM17 Activity during Embryonic Development Causes Hemorrhage and Impairs Vessel Formation Canault, Matthias Certel, Kaan Schatzberg, Daphne Wagner, Denisa D. Hynes, Richard O Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT Hynes, Richard O. Certel, Kaan Hynes, Richard O. Background ADAM17/TACE activity is important during embryonic development. We wished to investigate possible roles of this metalloprotease, focusing on vascular development. Methodology/Principal Findings Mice mutant in the enzymatic activity of ADAM17 were examined at various stages of embryonic development for vascular pattern and integrity using markers for vessel wall cells. We observed hemorrhage and edema starting at embryonic day E14.5 and becoming more severe as development proceeded; prior to embryonic day E14.5, embryos appeared normal. Staining for PECAM-1/CD31 revealed abnormalities in the patterns of branching of the embryonic vasculature at E14.5. Conclusions/Significance These abnormalities preceded association of pericytes or monocyte/macrophage cells with the affected vessels and, therefore, presumably arise from defects in endothelial function consequent upon failure of ADAM17 to cleave one or more substrates involved in vascular development, such as Notch, Delta, VEGFR2 or JAM-A. Our study demonstrates a role for ADAM17 in modulating embryonic vessel development and function. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant P01 HL066105) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (P01 HL056949 ) Howard Hughes Medical Institute National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2010-12-22T16:47:09Z 2010-12-22T16:47:09Z 2010-10 2010-05 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60360 Canault, Matthias et al. “The Lack of ADAM17 Activity during Embryonic Development Causes Hemorrhage and Impairs Vessel Formation.” PLoS ONE 5.10 (2010): e13433. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-8396 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013433 PLoS ONE Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ application/pdf Public Library of Science PLoS

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A Geometric Approach to Dynamical Model Order Reduction Feppon, Florian Jeremy Lermusiaux, Pierre Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computation for Design and Optimization Program Feppon, Florian Jeremy Lermusiaux, Pierre Any model order reduced dynamical system that evolves a modal decomposition to approximate the discretized solution of a stochastic PDE can be related to a vector field tangent to the manifold of fixed rank matrices. The dynamically orthogonal (DO) approximation is the canonical reduced-order model for which the corresponding vector field is the orthogonal projection of the original system dynamics onto the tangent spaces of this manifold. The embedded geometry of the fixed rank matrix manifold is thoroughly analyzed. The curvature of the manifold is characterized and related to the smallest singular value through the study of the Weingarten map. Differentiability results for the orthogonal projection onto embedded manifolds are reviewed and used to derive an explicit dynamical system for tracking the truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) of a time-dependent matrix. It is demonstrated that the error made by the DO approximation remains controlled under the minimal condition that the original solution stays close to the low rank manifold, which translates into an explicit dependence of this error on the gap between singular values. The DO approximation is also justified as the dynamical system that applies instantaneously the SVD truncation to optimally constrain the rank of the reduced solution. Riemannian matrix optimization is investigated in this extrinsic framework to provide algorithms that adaptively update the best low rank approximation of a smoothly varying matrix. The related gradient flow provides a dynamical system that converges to the truncated SVD of an input matrix for almost every initial datum. Key words. model order reduction, fixed rank matrix manifold, low rank approximation, singular value decomposition, orthogonal projection, curvature, Weingarten map, dynamically orthogonal approximation, Riemannian matrix optimization United States. Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-14-1-0725) United States. Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-14-1-0476) 2019-01-11T19:13:59Z 2019-01-11T19:13:59Z 2018-01 2018-12-12T17:15:10Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0895-4798 1095-7162 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120002 Feppon, Florian, and Pierre F. J. Lermusiaux. “A Geometric Approach to Dynamical Model Order Reduction.” SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 39, no. 1 (January 2018): 510–538. © 2018 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-5220 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1869-3883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/16M1095202 SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM) SIAM

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/589122022-09-30T00:48:05Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Altering coenzyme specificity of Pichia stipitis xylose reductase by the semi-rational approach CASTing Liang, Ling Zhang, Jingqing Lin, Zhanglin Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering Zhang, Jingqing Background: The NAD(P)H-dependent Pichia stipitis xylose reductase (PsXR) is one of the key enzymes for xylose fermentation, and has been cloned into the commonly used ethanol-producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In order to eliminate the redox imbalance resulting from the preference of this enzyme toward NADPH, efforts have been made to alter the coenzyme specificity of PsXR by site-directed mutagenesis, with limited success. Given the industrial importance of PsXR, it is of interest to investigate further ways to create mutants of PsXR that prefers NADH rather than NADPH, by the alternative directed evolution approach. Results: Based on a homology model of PsXR, six residues were predicted to interact with the adenine ribose of NAD(P)H in PsXR and altered using a semi-rational mutagenesis approach (CASTing). Three rounds of saturation mutagenesis were carried to randomize these residues, and a microplate-based assay was applied in the screening. A best mutant 2-2C12, which carried four mutations K270S, N272P, S271G and R276F, was obtained. The mutant showed a preference toward NADH over NADPH by a factor of about 13-fold, or an improvement of about 42-fold, as measured by the ratio of the specificity constant kcat/Kmcoenzyme. Compared with the wild-type, the kcatNADH for the best mutant was only slightly lower, while the kcatNADPH decreased by a factor of about 10. Furthermore, the specific activity of 2-2C12 in the presence of NADH was 20.6 U·mg-1, which is highest among PsXR mutants reported. Conclusion: A seemingly simplistic and yet very effective mutagenesis approach, CASTing, was applied successfully to alter the NAD(P)H preference for Pichia stipitis xylose reductase, an important enzyme for xylose-fermenting yeast. The observed change in the NAD(P)H preference for this enzyme seems to have resulted from the altered active site that is more unfavorable for NADPH than NADH in terms of both Km and kcat. There are potentials for application of our PsXR in constructing a more balanced XR-XDH pathway in recombinant xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains. National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2007CB7078004) 2010-10-06T18:47:41Z 2010-10-06T18:47:41Z 2007-11 2007-09 2010-09-03T16:18:54Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1475-2859 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58912 Microbial Cell Factories. 2007 Nov 21;6(1):36 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-6-36 Microbial Cell Factories Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 Liang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. application/pdf BioMed Central Ltd BioMed Central Ltd

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Probabilistic latent variable modeling for predicting future well-being and assessing behavioral influences on mood, stress and health Nosakhare, Ehimwenma Rosalind W. Picard. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 111-118). In recent years, there has been a shift in the psychological research literature from an emphasis on dysfunction to a focus on well-being and positive mental health. As a result, enhancing well-being in individuals has become a viable approach to improving health, in addition to treating disorders when present. Also, the availability of rich multi-modal datasets and advances in machine learning methods have spurred an increase in research studies assessing well-being objectively. However, most of these studies tend to primarily focus on using data to estimate or detect the current state of well-being as opposed to the prediction of well-being. In addition, these studies investigate how stand-alone health behaviors and not a combination of health behaviors influence well-being. Furthermore, these studies do not provide data-backed insights and recommendations to individuals seeking to improve their well-being. In this dissertation, we use a real-world dataset from a population of college students and interpretable machine learning methods to (1) predict future mood, stress and health, (2) uncover how combinations of health behaviors work together to influence well-being, and (3) understand how to make evidence-based recommendations to individuals looking to improve their well-being. The use of these methods contributes to the development of objective techniques that can help individuals monitor their wellbeing. In addition, insights from this study contribute to knowledge advancement on how combinations of daily human behaviors can affect well-being. by Ehimwenma Nosakhare. Ph. D. 2019-02-14T15:50:03Z 2019-02-14T15:50:03Z 2018 2018 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120421 1084478052 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 131 pages, 3 unnumbered pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1469752023-07-05T20:51:09Zcom_1721.1_49432hdl_1721.1_49432col_1721.1_49433hdl_1721.1_49433

Output error behavior for discretizations of ergodic, chaotic systems of ordinary differential equations Frontin, Cory V. Darmofal, David L. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Condensed Matter Physics Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes Mechanics of Materials Computational Mechanics Mechanical Engineering <jats:p> The use of numerical simulation for prediction of characteristics of chaotic dynamical systems inherently involves unpredictable processes. In this work, we develop a model for the expected error in the simulation of ergodic, chaotic ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems, which allows for discretization and statistical effects due to unpredictability. Using this model, we then generate a framework for understanding the relationship between the sampling cost of a simulation and the expected error in the result and explore the implications of the various parameters of simulations. Finally, we generalize the framework to consider the total cost—including unsampled spin-up timesteps—of simulations and consider the implications of parallel computational environments to give a realistic model of the relationship between wall-clock time and the expected error in simulation of a chaotic ODE system. </jats:p> 2023-01-04T19:16:34Z 2023-01-04T19:16:34Z 2022-10 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1070-6631 1089-7666 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146975 Frontin, Cory V. and Darmofal, David L. 2022. "Output error behavior for discretizations of ergodic, chaotic systems of ordinary differential equations." 34 (10). 10.1063/5.0112998 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf AIP Publishing American Institute of Physics (AIP)

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The city in the image of science fiction cinema Beck, Gregory Dennis Frenchman. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. Architecture. Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986. MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH Bibliography: leaves 46-47. by Gregory Beck. M.S. 2012-07-02T15:23:08Z 2012-07-02T15:23:08Z 1986 1986 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71379 15473023 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 47 leaves application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Poloidal field system analysis and scenario development for the TIBER/ITER Schultz, J.H. 2015-02-19T19:29:21Z 2015-02-19T19:29:21Z 2015-02-19 87ja041 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/94968 application/pdf MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/466512022-01-13T07:54:21Zcom_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023hdl_1721.1_131023

Towards new model systems for the study of proton-coupled electron transfer Yang, Jay Lee Daniel G. Nocera. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Chemistry. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry Chemistry. Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45). Two new model systems for the study of orthogonal proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) have been developed. The first model system is based on Ru"(HzO)(tpy)(bpy) (tpy = 2,2';6',2"terpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) where methyl viologen (MV2 ) electron acceptors were appended to the ruthenium aqua complex through the bpy. Picosecond transient absorption measurements show that electron transfer from the excited state of the ruthenium complex to MV2+ occurs with [tau] -200 ps. Experiments performed in water and buffered solution at pH = 7 show no evidence of the loss of proton from the aqua ligand to the bulk solvent or to the phosphate buffer. A minor kinetic isotope effect for the rate of charge separation was found with kH/kD = 1.8 + 0.1 ps. Preliminary synthetic attempts of coupling the ET event to the PT event was accomplished by appending xanthene "Hangman" scaffolds to the 4' position of the tpy. The feasibility of modifying the xanthene scaffold to accommodate various hanging groups has been demonstrated. The second model system is based on Re'(CO)3(phen)(pyr) (phen = 1,10phenanthroline, pyr = pyridine) where tyrosine was appended to the rhenium complex through the axial pyr ligand. Unlike previous Re'(CO)3(bpy)(CN) (CN = cyanide) systems, substitution to the more rigid phen extended the lifetime of the excited state of the rhenium complex to 3.0 ls, which allowed PCET to occur from the tyrosine to the rhenium metal center and hydrogenbonded base in dichloromethane. This was inferred from substantial emission quenching of the rhenium-tyrosine complex through the titration of base (base = pyridine, imidazole, 2,4,6trimethylpyridine). Equilibrium constants measuring the extent of formation of the [rheniumtyrosine---base]+ species were found to correlate with the strength of the base based on aqueous pKa values. by Jay Lee Yang. S.M. 2009-08-26T17:12:44Z 2009-08-26T17:12:44Z 2009 2009 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46651 426941872 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 46 p. application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Learning pair potentials using differentiable simulations Wang, Wujie Wu, Zhenghao Dietschreit, Johannes CB Gómez-Bombarelli, Rafael Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering <jats:p> Learning pair interactions from experimental or simulation data is of great interest for molecular simulations. We propose a general stochastic method for learning pair interactions from data using differentiable simulations (DiffSim). DiffSim defines a loss function based on structural observables, such as the radial distribution function, through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The interaction potentials are then learned directly by stochastic gradient descent, using backpropagation to calculate the gradient of the structural loss metric with respect to the interaction potential through the MD simulation. This gradient-based method is flexible and can be configured to simulate and optimize multiple systems simultaneously. For example, it is possible to simultaneously learn potentials for different temperatures or for different compositions. We demonstrate the approach by recovering simple pair potentials, such as Lennard-Jones systems, from radial distribution functions. We find that DiffSim can be used to probe a wider functional space of pair potentials compared with traditional methods like iterative Boltzmann inversion. We show that our methods can be used to simultaneously fit potentials for simulations at different compositions and temperatures to improve the transferability of the learned potentials. </jats:p> 2023-04-06T18:25:51Z 2023-04-06T18:25:51Z 2023-01-28 2023-04-06T18:07:58Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/150447 Wang, Wujie, Wu, Zhenghao, Dietschreit, Johannes CB and Gómez-Bombarelli, Rafael. 2023. "Learning pair potentials using differentiable simulations." The Journal of Chemical Physics, 158 (4). en 10.1063/5.0126475 The Journal of Chemical Physics Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf AIP Publishing American Institute of Physics (AIP)

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The design of regulatory rules Vogelsang, Ingo Trade regulation. 2006-12-20T20:08:59Z 2006-12-20T20:08:59Z 1979-05 Working Paper 05759070 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35250 en_US MIT-EL 79-027WP 2042995 bytes application/pdf application/pdf MIT Energy Laboratory

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Examining the evidence for Chthonian planets : superdense exposed exoplanet cores Superdense exposed exoplanet cores Bates-Tarasewicz, Haley. Benjamin Weiss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Aeronautics and Astronautics. Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019 Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 24-30). Planetary cores are of interest because they provide insight into the internal dynamics and composition of planets. By using mass-radius relationship compositional analysis, this work originally set out to look for evidence of exoplanet exposed iron cores; it stumbled, however, upon potential superdense core candidates (or "Chthonian" cores). We identify 19 potential superdense core candidates, and compare them to the Fossilized Core Theory and the Giant Impact Theory of formation. Additionally, while there are 19 superdense core candidates, they represent only 11 solar systems. We find that both theories plausibly describe the formation of these superdense candidates, and note that all candidates have very typical stars similar to our own sun. Until the mass measurements of the candidates are better constrained, further conclusions cannot be drawn, however, this new type of planet could help inform planetary formation, evolution, and interior dynamic models. by Haley Bates-Tarasewicz. S.B. S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2019-10-04T21:35:08Z 2019-10-04T21:35:08Z 2019 2019 Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122447 1120771879 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 30 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Electronic Instrumentation Steinbrecher, D. H. Howey, V. C. Electronic Instrumentation Status of Research Contains research objectives and report on status of research. National Institutes of Health National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGL 22-009-163) 2010-06-30T21:23:14Z 2010-06-30T21:23:14Z 1970-01-15 Technical Report RLE_QPR_096_X http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/56056 en Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Quarterly Progress Report, January 15, 1970 General Physics Electronic Instrumentation Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics. Quarterly Progress Report, no. 96 Copyright (c) 2008 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. application/pdf Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

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Accelerated algorithms for constrained optimization and control Parashar, Anjali Annaswamy, Anuradha M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Nonlinear optimization with equality and inequality constraints is a ubiquitous problem in several optimization and control problems in large-scale systems. Ensuring feasibility along with reasonable convergence to optimal solution remains an open and pressing problem in this area. A class of high-order tuners was recently proposed in adaptive control literature with an effort to lead to accelerated convergence for the case when no constraints are present. In this thesis, we propose a new high-order tuner based algorithm that can accommodate the presence of equality and inequality constraints. We leverage the linear dependence in solution space to guarantee that equality constraints are always satisfied. We further ensure feasibility with respect to inequality constraints for the specific case of box constraints by introducing time-varying gains in the high-order tuner while retaining the attractive accelerated convergence properties. Theoretical guarantees pertaining to stability are also provided for time-varying regressors. These theoretical propositions are validated by applying them to several categories of optimization problems, in the form of academic examples, power flow optimization and neural network optimization. We devote special attention to analyze a special case of neural network optimization, namely, linear neural network training problem, to understand the dynamics of nonconvex optimization governed by gradient flow and provide lyapunov stability guarantees for LNNs. S.M. 2023-10-18T17:07:50Z 2023-10-18T17:07:50Z 2023-06 2023-09-28T15:47:30.780Z Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152459 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted Copyright retained by author(s) https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/697992019-04-09T15:19:09Zcom_1721.1_7836hdl_1721.1_7836com_1721.1_7835hdl_1721.1_7835com_1721.1_7603hdl_1721.1_7603com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_7840hdl_1721.1_7840col_1721.1_7677hdl_1721.1_7677

Low variance methods for Monte Carlo simulation of phonon transport Péraud, Jean-Philippe M. (Jean-Philippe Michel) Nicolas G. Hadjiconstantinou. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. Materials Science and Engineering. Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2011. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97). Computational studies in kinetic transport are of great use in micro and nanotechnologies. In this work, we focus on Monte Carlo methods for phonon transport, intended for studies in microscale heat transfer. After reviewing the theory of phonons, we use scientific literature to write a Monte Carlo code solving the Boltzmann Transport Equation for phonons. As a first improvement to the particle method presented, we choose to use the Boltzmann Equation in terms of energy as a more convenient and accurate formulation to develop such a code. Then, we use the concept of control variates in order to introduce the notion of deviational particles. Noticing that a thermalized system at equilibrium is inherently a solution of the Boltzmann Transport Equation, we take advantage of this deterministic piece of information: we only simulate the deviation from a nearby equilibrium, which removes a great part of the statistical uncertainty. Doing so, the standard deviation of the result that we obtain is proportional to the deviation from equilibrium. In other words, we are able to simulate signals of arbitrarily low amplitude with no additional computational cost. After exploring two other variants based on the idea of control variates, we validate our code on a few theoretical results derived from the Boltzmann equation. Finally, we present a few applications of the methods. by Jean-Philippe M. Péraud. S.M. 2012-03-16T16:04:10Z 2012-03-16T16:04:10Z 2011 2011 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69799 777956342 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 97 p. application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Correlations between jets and charged particles in PbPb and pp collisions at √s[subscript NN] = 2.76 TeV Correlations between jets and charged particles in PbPb and pp collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV Apyan, Aram Barbieri, Richard Alexander Baty, Austin Alan Bierwagen, Katharina Brandt, Stephanie Akemi Busza, Wit Cali, Ivan Amos Demiragli, Zeynep Di Matteo, Leonardo Gomez-Ceballos, Guillelmo Goncharov, Maxim Gulhan, Doga Can Iiyama, Yutaro Innocenti, Gian Michele Klute, Markus Kovalskyi, Dmytro Lai, Yue Shi Lee, Yen-Jie Levin, Andrew Michael Luckey Jr, P David Marini, Andrea Carlo McGinn, Christopher Francis Mironov, Camelia Maria Narayanan, Siddharth Madhavan Niu, Xinmei Paus, Christoph M. E. Roland, Christof E Roland, Gunther M Salfeld-Nebgen, Jakob Maxillian Henry Sumorok, Konstanty C Varma, Mukund Madhav Velicanu, Dragos Alexandru Veverka, Jan Wang, J. Wang, Ta-Wei Wyslouch, Boleslaw Yang, Mingming Wyslouch, Victoria Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science Apyan, Aram Barbieri, Richard Alexander Baty, Austin Alan Bierwagen, Katharina Brandt, Stephanie Akemi Busza, Wit Cali, Ivan Amos Demiragli, Zeynep Di Matteo, Leonardo Gomez-Ceballos, Guillelmo Goncharov, Maxim Gulhan, Doga Can Iiyama, Yutaro Innocenti, Gian Michele Klute, Markus Kovalskyi, Dmytro Lai, Yue Shi Lee, Yen-Jie Levin, Andrew Michael Luckey Jr, P David Marini, Andrea Carlo McGinn, Christopher Francis Mironov, Camelia Maria Narayanan, Siddharth Madhavan Niu, Xinmei Paus, Christoph M. E. Roland, Christof E Roland, Gunther M Salfeld-Nebgen, Jakob Maxillian Henry Sumorok, Konstanty C Varma, Mukund Madhav Velicanu, Dragos Alexandru Veverka, Jan Wang, J. Wang, Ta-Wei Wyslouch, Boleslaw Yang, Mingming Wyslouch, Victoria The quark-gluon plasma is studied via medium-induced changes to correlations between jets and charged particles in PbPb collisions compared to pp reference data. This analysis uses data sets from PbPb and pp collisions with integrated luminosities of 166 μb[superscript −1] and 5.3 pb[subscript −1], respectively, collected at √s[subscript NN] = 2.76 TeV. The angular distributions of charged particles are studied as a function of relative pseudorapidity (Δη) and relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) with respect to reconstructed jet directions. Charged particles are correlated with all jets with transverse momentum (pT) above 120 GeV, and with the leading and subleading jets (the highest and second-highest in pT, respectively) in a selection of back-to-back dijet events. Modifications in PbPb data relative to pp reference data are characterized as a function of PbPb collision centrality and charged particle pT. A centrality-dependent excess of low-pT particles is present for all jets studied, and is most pronounced in the most central events. This excess of low-pT particles follows a Gaussian-like distribution around the jet axis, and extends to large relative angles of Δη ≈ 1 and Δϕ ≈ 1. United States. Dept. of Energy National Science Foundation (U.S.) 2017-03-27T15:49:49Z 2017-03-27T15:49:49Z 2016-02 2016-01 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1029-8479 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107722 The CMS collaboration et al. “Correlations between Jets and Charged Particles in PbPb and Pp Collisions at √S[subscript NN] = 2.76 TeV.” Journal of High Energy Physics 2016.2 (2016): n. pag. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-6656 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-005X https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5310-3466 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-8295 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2673 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-9071 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-737X https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9236-6621 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-5930 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-0855 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-5631 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1486-606X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-7767 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-6900 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-0487 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-0193 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-2437 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-3560 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-1591 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-4211 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-2169 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3879-5622 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-8346 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-777X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-7621 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-0649 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-5839 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2016)156 Journal of High Energy Physics Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Springer-Verlag/SISSA Springer

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Accelerating Flow-Based Sampling for Large-𝑁 Gauge Theories Zhang, Michael S. Shanahan, Phiala E. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Due to its consistency with numerous experimental observations, the Standard Model of particle physics is widely accepted as the best known formulation of elementary particles and their interactions. However, making experimental predictions using the Standard Model involves mathematical and computational challenges due to its complexity. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which can be described as an SU(3) gauge theory due to the 3 quark colors and 8 gluon types, is one sector of the Standard Model for which computing solutions is especially challenging. A natural theoretical generalization of QCD is the class of all SU(𝑁) gauge theories; these theories also provide a method for some QCD computations in the 𝑁 → ∞ limit. To study these theories numerically, approximations are calculated from configuration samples due to the mathematical complexity and lack of analytical solutions. In this thesis, we explore asymptotically efficient flow-based sampling algorithms for the twisted Eguchi-Kawai (TEK) model, a method for analyzing large-𝑁 QCD numerically. We introduce an original architecture based on SU(2) matrix multiplication that allows for efficient Jacobian computation. In addition, we explore the possibility of transfer learning with respect to the number of colors 𝑁 and demonstrate that a model trained quickly on the SU(𝑁) setting also provides useful information in SU(𝑁′), 𝑁′ > 𝑁 cases. M.Eng. 2024-03-21T19:15:20Z 2024-03-21T19:15:20Z 2024-02 2024-03-04T16:38:17.756Z Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/153909 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted Copyright retained by author(s) https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Modeling drivers' acceleration and lane changing behavior Ahmed, Kazi Iftekhar Moshe E. Ben-Akiva and Haris N. Koutsopoulos. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999. Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-189). This thesis contributes to the development cf microscopic traffic performance models which includes the acceleration and lane changing models. It enhances the existing models and develops new ones. Another major contribution of this thesis is the empirical work, i.e., estimating the models using statistically rigorous methods and microscopic data collected from real traffic. The acceleration model defines two regimes of traffic flow: the car-following regime and the free-flow regime. In the car-following regime, a driver is assumed to follow his/her leader, while in the free-flow regime, a driver is assumed to try to attain his/her desired speed. A probabilistic model, that is based on a time headway threshold, is used to determine the regime the driver belongs to. Heterogeneity across drivers is captured through the headway threshold and reaction time distributions. The parameters of the car-following and free-flow acceleration models along with the headway threshold and reaction time distributions are jointly estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. The lane changing decision progress is modeled as a sequence of three steps: decision to consider a lane change, choice of a target lane, and gap acceptance. Since acceptable gaps are hard to find in a heavily congested traffic, a forced merging model that captures forced lane changing behavior and courtesy yielding is developed. A discrete choice model framework is used to model the impact of the surrounding traffic environment and lane configuration on drivers' lane changing decision process. The models are estimated using actual traffic data collected from Interstate 93 at the Central Artery, located in downtown Boston, MA, USA. In addition to assessing the model parameters from statistical and behavioral standpoints, the models are validated using a microscopic traffic simulator. Overall, the empirical results are encouraging, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the modeling framework. by Kazi Iftekhar Ahmed. Sc.D. 2005-08-19T19:16:47Z 2005-08-19T19:16:47Z 1999 1999 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9662 42459005 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 189 p. 12445858 bytes 12445615 bytes application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Quantitative modeling of 5' splice site subclass regulation and evolution Kenny, Connor Jens Burge, Christopher B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential molecular process required for eukaryotic gene expression. In this thesis, I present a previously unknown mechanism of splicing regulation where a family of splicing factors, the LUC7 family, compete to differentially impact 5→ splice site (5→ SS) selection in a sequence-dependent manner. I quantitatively characterize two major subclasses of 5→ SS in eukaryotes and outline distinctive features of 5→ SS in exons affected by the three human LUC7 paralogs: LUC7L2 and LUC7L enhance splicing of “right-handed” 5→ SS that exhibit stronger consensus matching on the intron side of the nearly-invariant / GU, while LUC7L3 boosts splicing of “left-handed” 5→ SS with stronger consensus matching upstream of the /GU. Using a range of experimental systems, from human cells to mutant plants, I show that LUC7 paralogs have opposing effects on these two 5→ SS subclasses and that this regulatory mechanism likely originated in the last common ancestor of animals and plants over 1.5 billion years ago. I further evaluate a competing model of 5→ SS subclass regulation involving METTL16- mediated U6 snRNA modification and reconcile both models by devising computational tools that identify sequence features predictive splicing dysregulation in transcriptome-wide datasets. Finally, I examine the evolutionary dynamics of left- and right-handed 5→ SS and propose a model of intron evolution in which codon and intron phase constraints in protein-coding genes shape both minor-to-major intron conversion and transitions between left- and right- 5→ SS subclasses. Ph.D. 2026-01-12T19:40:03Z 2026-01-12T19:40:03Z 2025-09 2025-11-10T19:58:45.882Z Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/164489 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted Copyright retained by author(s) https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/713692019-04-09T15:19:12Zcom_1721.1_7610hdl_1721.1_7610com_1721.1_7582hdl_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581hdl_1721.1_7581com_1721.1_7874hdl_1721.1_7874com_1721.1_7873hdl_1721.1_7873col_1721.1_7704hdl_1721.1_7704col_1721.1_7877hdl_1721.1_7877

Council housing sales in Great Britain : marginalization or cooptation Bryant, Marlene L Phillip L. Clay. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. Urban Studies and Planning. Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985. MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH Bibliography: leaves 70-74. by Marlene L. Bryant. M.C.P. 2012-07-02T15:22:18Z 2012-07-02T15:22:18Z 1985 1985 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71369 14229527 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 [1], 74 [i.e. 86] leaves application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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N-methyl d-Aspartate Channels Link Ammonia and Epithelial Cell Death Mechanisms in Helicobacter pylori Infection Seo, Ji Hye Peek, Richard M. Hagen, Susan J. Fox, James G Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Division of Comparative Medicine Fox, James G Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Ammonia/ammonium (A/A) is a cytotoxin generated by H pylori that kills gastric epithelial cells. We investigated whether A/A cytotoxicity occurs by activating N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) channels, which results in Ca2+permeation and epithelial cell death. Methods: Gastric epithelial cells were cultured to confluence and then incubated with A/A and NMDA channel or cell signaling antagonists. Cells were incubated with wild-type H pylori or mutant strains that do not produce A/A. Changes in intracellular Ca2+were examined in living cells by confocal microscopy. Biochemical and histochemical techniques were used to examine the relationship between A/A-induced cell death and intracellular levels of Ca2+. Results: A/A increased Ca2+permeation in gastric epithelial cells; the increase was blocked by NMDA receptor and cell signaling antagonists. Wild-type, but not mutant H pylori, also caused extensive Ca2+permeation of gastric epithelial cells, which was blocked when NMDA-receptor expression was repressed. Ca2+that entered cells was initially cytoplasmic and activated proteases. Later, the Ca2+was sequestered to cytoplasmic vacuoles that are dilatations of the endoplasmic reticulum. Inositol-3-phosphatedependent release of Ca2+from the endoplasmic reticulum and protease activity damaged mitochondria, reduced levels of adenosine triphosphate, and transcriptionally up-regulated cell death effectors. Expression of the NMDA receptor was altered in stomachs of mice infected with H pylori. Conclusions: A/A affects gastric epithelial cell viability by allowing excessive Ca2+permeation through NMDA channels. NMDA channels might thereby regulate cell survival and death pathways during development of gastric cancers associated with H pylori infection. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01AI/RR037750) 2018-09-06T15:59:58Z 2018-09-06T15:59:58Z 2011-09 2010-12 2018-08-29T15:24:12Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0016-5085 1528-0012 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117648 Seo, Ji Hye et al. “N-Methyl d-Aspartate Channels Link Ammonia and Epithelial Cell Death Mechanisms in Helicobacter Pylori Infection.” Gastroenterology 141, 6 (December 2011): 2064–2075 © 2011 AGA Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-6116 http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.08.048 Gastroenterology Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier BV PMC

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CMS.610 / CMS.922 Media Industries and Systems, Spring 2006 Media Industries and Systems Weaver, Christopher Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Program in Comparative Media Studies/Writing CMS.610 CMS.922 This course examines the interplay of art, science, and commerce shaping the production, marketing, distribution, and consumption of contemporary media. It combines perspectives on media industries and systems with an awareness of the creative process, the audience, and trends shaping content. There will be invited discussions with industry experts in various subject areas. Class projects will encourage students to think through the challenges of producing media in an industry context. CMS.610 is for undergraduate credit, whereas CMS.922 is for graduate credit. Though the requirements for graduates are more stringent, the course is intended for both undergraduate and graduate students. 2023-07-24T15:53:59Z 2023-07-24T15:53:59Z 2006-06 2023-07-24T15:54:06Z Learning Object CMS.610-Spring2006 CMS.610 CMS.922 IMSCP-MD5-036f87b286f4d8f0f6ffec88bde10e59 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/151161 en-US This site (c) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2023. Content within individual courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is providing this Work (as defined below) under the terms of this Creative Commons public license ("CCPL" or "license") unless otherwise noted. The Work is protected by copyright and/or other applicable law. Any use of the work other than as authorized under this license is prohibited. By exercising any of the rights to the Work provided here, You (as defined below) accept and agree to be bound by the terms of this license. The Licensor, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, grants You the rights contained here in consideration of Your acceptance of such terms and conditions. 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Learning Tasks for Multitask Learning Heterogenous Patient Populations in the ICU Suresh, Harini Gong, Jen J. Guttag, John V. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory © 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Machine learning approaches have been effective in predicting adverse outcomes in different clinical settings. These models are often developed and evaluated on datasets with heterogeneous patient populations. However, good predictive performance on the aggregate population does not imply good performance for specific groups. In this work, we present a two-step framework to 1) learn relevant patient subgroups, and 2) predict an outcome for separate patient populations in a multi-task framework, where each population is a separate task. We demonstrate how to discover relevant groups in an unsupervised way with a sequence-to-sequence autoencoder. We show that using these groups in a multi-task framework leads to better predictive performance of in-hospital mortality both across groups and overall. We also highlight the need for more granular evaluation of performance when dealing with heterogeneous populations. 2021-11-08T12:50:31Z 2021-11-08T12:50:31Z 2018-07-19 2019-05-30T14:35:44Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/137636 Suresh, Harini, Gong, Jen J. and Guttag, John V. 2018. "Learning Tasks for Multitask Learning." en 10.1145/3219819.3219930 Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf ACM arXiv

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The Bipartite Swapping Trick on Graph Homomorphisms Zhao, Yufei Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mathematics Zhao, Yufei Zhao, Yufei We provide an upper bound to the number of graph homomorphisms from G to H, where H is a fixed graph with certain properties, and G varies over all N-vertex, d-regular graphs. This result generalizes a recently resolved conjecture of Alon and Kahn on the number of independent sets. We build on the work of Galvin and Tetali, who studied the number of graph homomorphisms from G to H when G is bipartite. We also apply our techniques to graph colorings and stable set polytopes. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program 2011-09-28T19:02:19Z 2011-09-28T19:02:19Z 2011-06 2011-06 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0895-4801 1095-7146 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66106 Zhao, Yufei. “The Bipartite Swapping Trick on Graph Homomorphisms.” SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 25 (2011): 660. © 2011 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100800415 SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics SIAM oai_dc////100