Grammar 3B

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Adjectivals + Nominals
Counting 10,000 (-万[まん])
Phrase-Particle と
Usage of Nominal の
Miscellaneous Notes

Adjectivals + Nominals

Direct-style Adjectivals (-い form) can modify nominals by occuring immediately before them.

れい (Examples)

1. おおきいほんですねえ。
   It's a big book, isn't it?

2. むずかしいにほんごでしたよ。
   It was difficult Japanese.

3. A: おもしろいざっしじゃありませんか。
   A: Isn't it an interesting magazine?

   B: これですか。おもしろくないですよ。
   B: This? It's not interesting.

4. A: どのワープロですか。
   A: Which word processor is it?

   B: あのやすいワープロです。
   B: It is that cheap word processor over there.

れんしゅう (Exercises)

Express the following in Japanese.

1. It's a fresh cake.
2. They were cheap cakes.
3. It's not an interesting book, is it!

4. A: Is it an expensive word processor?
   B: No, it isn't expensive.

5. A: Was it easy Japanese?
   B: Hmm... It wasn't very easy, I'm telling you.

6. A: Which one is it?
   B: It's that small dictionary over there.

Answers

Counting 10,000 (-万[まん])

れい (Examples)

1. いちまん "10,000"
2. よんまんごせん "45,000"
3. じゅうさんまん "130,000"

4. A: いくらでしたか。
   A: How much was it?

   B: 18,000 円でした。
   B: It was 18,000 yen.

れんしゅう (Exercises)

Express the following in Japanese.

1. It's 70,000 yen.
2. Do you mean this one? It's 16,500 yen.
3. Do you mean this computer? It was 240,000 yen.
4. It was 907,500 yen! It was expensive, wasn't it?

Answers

Phrase-Particle と

X と Y (と Z...) "X and Y (and Z...)"

と connects only nominals. You will learn how to connect other word classes later on.

**やさしいとおもしろいです。(Adjectivals)
**たべますとのみます。(Verbals)

れい (Examples)

1. A: どれですか。
   A: Which one is it?

   B: これとそれです。
   B: This one and that one.

2. A: どなたですか。
   A: Who are they?

   B: すずきさんとたなかさんです。
   B: They are Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Tanaka.

れんしゅう (Exercises)

Express the following in Japanese.

1. (I mean) this book and that dictionary (over there).
2. (I mean) Mr. Tanaka and Mr. Suzuki.

3. A: Did you use (it) today?
   B: No, I used (it) yesterday and the day before yesterday.

Answers

Usage of Nominal の

Compare:

1. ふるいコンピューターです。
2. ふるいのです。

れい (Examples)

Customer: いくらですか。
Customer: How much is it?

Clerk: どのコンピューターですか。
Clerk: Which computer (do you mean)?

Customer: そのおおきいのです。
Customer: The big one (near you).

Clerk: これですか。
Clerk: (You mean) this?

Customer: はい、それです。
Customer: Yes, that one.

Clerk: 2,800 ドルです。
Clerk: It is $2,800.

れんしゅう (Exercises)

Respond to the following questions.

1. どれですか。 (That small one.)
2. どれですか。 (That one over there.)
3. あたらしいざっしですね。 (You mean this one? No, it's not a new one.)

Answers

Miscellaneous Notes

1. Usage of ぜんぜん "(not) at all"

   ぜんぜん usually occurs with the Negative Form of a predicate:

   1. ぜんぜん わかりません。
      I don't understand (it) at all.

   2. ぜんぜん おもしろくありませんでした。
      It was not interesting at all.

   ぜんぜん may occur with the Affirmative Form of a predicate, if the predicate in question has a negative connotation. Examine the following:

   1. ぜんぜん だめです。
      It's totally no good.

   2. ぜんぜん ちがいます。
      It's totally wrong.

2. Usage of ほとんど

   1. ほとんど 1 万円でした。
      It was almost 10,000 yen.

   2. ほとんどできました。
      I've managed most of (it).

   3. ほとんどたべません。
      I hardly eat it.

3. Usage of へえ: great surprise

4. Usage of やっぱり: "after all... it turned out like this/as I expected"

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