NuSTAR measurement of the cosmic X-ray background in the 3–20 keV energy band
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2011.11469.pdf
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Accepted version
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Author(s)
Krivonos, Roman
Wik, Daniel
Grefenstette, Brian
Madsen, Kristin
Perez, Kerstin
Rossland, Steven
Sazonov, Sergey
Zoglauer, Andreas
Date Issued
February 2021
Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Citation
Krivonos, Roman, Wik, Daniel, Grefenstette, Brian, Madsen, Kristin, Perez, Kerstin et al. 2021. "NuSTAR measurement of the cosmic X-ray background in the 3–20 keV energy band." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 502 (3).
Version
Author's final manuscript
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We present measurements of the intensity of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) telescope in the 3–20 keV energy range. Our method uses spatial modulation of the CXB signal on the NuSTAR detectors through the telescope’s side aperture. Based on the NuSTAR observations of selected extragalactic fields with a total exposure of 7 Ms, we have estimated the CXB 3–20 keV flux to be 2.8 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2 deg−2, which is $\sim \! 8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ higher than that measured with HEAO-1 and consistent with the INTEGRAL measurement. The inferred CXB spectral shape in the 3–20 keV energy band is consistent with the canonical model of Gruber et al. We demonstrate that the spatially modulated CXB signal measured by NuSTAR is not contaminated by systematic noise and is limited by photon statistics. The measured relative scatter of the CXB intensity between different sky directions is compatible with cosmic variance, which opens new possibilities for studying CXB anisotropy over the whole sky with NuSTAR.
We present measurements of the intensity of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) telescope in the 3–20 keV energy range. Our method uses spatial modulation of the CXB signal on the NuSTAR detectors through the telescope’s side aperture. Based on the NuSTAR observations of selected extragalactic fields with a total exposure of 7 Ms, we have estimated the CXB 3–20 keV flux to be 2.8 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2 deg−2, which is $\sim \! 8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ higher than that measured with HEAO-1 and consistent with the INTEGRAL measurement. The inferred CXB spectral shape in the 3–20 keV energy band is consistent with the canonical model of Gruber et al. We demonstrate that the spatially modulated CXB signal measured by NuSTAR is not contaminated by systematic noise and is limited by photon statistics. The measured relative scatter of the CXB intensity between different sky directions is compatible with cosmic variance, which opens new possibilities for studying CXB anisotropy over the whole sky with NuSTAR.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab209
