Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles
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amsmonographs-d-16-0006.1.pdf
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Checksum (MD5)
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Author(s)
Kanji, Zamin A.
Ladino, Luis A.
Wex, Heike
Boose, Yvonne
Burkert-Kohn, Monika
Krämer, Martina
Cziczo, Daniel James
Date Issued
May 2017
Journal
Meteorological Monographs
Publisher
American Meteorological Society
Citation
Kanji, Zamin A. et al. “Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles.” Meteorological Monographs 58 (January 2017): 1.1–1.33 © 2017 American Meteorological Society
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Ice particle formation in tropospheric clouds significantly changes cloud radiative and microphysical properties. Ice nucleation in the troposphere via homogeneous freezing occurs at temperatures lower than −38°C and relative humidity with respect to ice above 140%. In the absence of these conditions, ice formation can proceed via heterogeneous nucleation aided by aerosol particles known as ice nucleating particles (INPs). In this chapter, new developments in identifying the heterogeneous freezing mechanisms, atmospheric relevance, uncertainties, and unknowns about INPs are described. The change in conventional wisdom regarding the requirements of INPs as new studies discover physical and chemical properties of these particles is explained. INP sources and known reasons for their ice nucleating properties are presented. The need for more studies to systematically identify particle properties that facilitate ice nucleation is highlighted. The atmospheric relevance of long-range transport, aerosol aging, and coating studies (in the laboratory) of INPs are also presented. Possible mechanisms for processes that change the ice nucleating potential of INPs and the corresponding challenges in understanding and applying these in models are discussed. How primary ice nucleation affects total ice crystal number concentrations in clouds and the discrepancy between INP concentrations and ice crystal number concentrations are presented. Finally, limitations of parameterizing INPs and of models in representing known and unknown processes related to heterogeneous ice nucleation processes are discussed. Keywords: Clouds; Aerosols; Cloud microphysics; Cloud water/phase; Ice crystals
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
Terms of Use
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
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DOI of Published Version
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0006.1
