Double-Diffusive Recipes. Part I: Large-Scale Dynamics of Thermohaline Staircases
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Radko-2014-Double-Diffusive Rec.pdf
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1.5 MB
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Author(s)
Radko, T.
Bulters, A.
Flanagan, J. D.
Campin, Jean-Michel
Date Issued
May 2014
Journal
Journal of Physical Oceanography
Publisher
American Meteorological Society
Citation
Radko, T., A. Bulters, J. D. Flanagan, and J.-M. Campin. “Double-Diffusive Recipes. Part I: Large-Scale Dynamics of Thermohaline Staircases.” J. Phys. Oceanogr. 44, no. 5 (May 2014): 1269–1284. © 2014 American Meteorological Society
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Three-dimensional dynamics of thermohaline staircases are investigated using a series of basin-scale staircase-resolving numerical simulations. The computational domain and forcing fields are chosen to reflect the size and structure of the North Atlantic subtropical thermocline. Salt-finger transport is parameterized using the flux-gradient formulation based on a suite of recent direct numerical simulations. Analysis of the spontaneous generation of thermohaline staircases suggests that thermohaline layering is a product of the gamma instability, associated with the variation of the flux ratio γ with the density ratio R[subscript p] . After their formation, numerical staircases undergo a series of merging events, which systematically increase the size of layers. Ultimately, the system evolves into a steady equilibrium state with pronounced layers 20–50 m thick. The size of the region occupied by thermohaline staircases is controlled by the competition between turbulent mixing and double diffusion. Assuming, in accordance with observations, that staircases form when the density ratio is less than the critical value of R[subscript cr] ≈ 1.7, the authors arrive at an indirect estimate of the characteristic turbulent diffusivity in the subtropical thermocline.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0155.1
