Assessing the Challenges to a Geosynchronous Space Tug System
Name
CP_050329_Richards,Springmann,McVey_SPEI.pdf
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203.36 KB
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Author(s)
Richards, Matthew G.
Springmann, Philip N.
McVey, Michelle E.
Date Issued
March 29, 2005
Abstract
A space tug vehicle is designed to rendezvous and dock with a space object; make an assessment of its current position,
orientation, and operational status; and then either stabilize the object in its current orbit or move the object to a new
location with subsequent release. A subset of on-orbit servicing, space tug missions in the geosynchronous belt include
stationkeeping of satellites which have lost attitude control and repositioning of satellites. Repositioning of spacecraft
may be desirable as a means to rescue satellites launched into incorrect orbits, for the retirement of satellites into
“graveyard” orbits, and for on-demand maneuvers that support flexible mission requirements. This paper aims to unify
the political, legal, operational, and financial aspects of the space tug concept and highlight the challenges that stand in
the way of an operational space tug vehicle. U.S. Space Transportation Policy is reviewed, and a space tug operation is
recognized as an enabler of emerging national space transportation requirements. Customary international and United
States laws are explored as potential constraining forces on future tug missions. A concept of operations in
geosynchronous orbit, including parking orbit selection and approach strategies, is analyzed with emphasis placed on
safety and reliability. Potential financing models and the issue of insurance for space tugs are discussed and identified as
the principal challenges facing implementation of a space tug system. This paper offers a positive forecast for the future
of on-orbit servicing and endorses continued government support for proof-of-concept missions.
Subjects
space tug
on-orbit servicing (OOS)
space policy
space law
automated rendezvous and docking
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