Insulated Neighborhoods: Structural and Functional Units of Mammalian Gene Control
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nihms823764.pdf
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1.44 MB
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Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
43c94866da422078c0378e95b9662962
Author(s)
Hnisz, Denes
Day, Daniel S.
Young, Richard A.
Date Issued
November 2016
Journal
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Hnisz, Denes et al. “Insulated Neighborhoods: Structural and Functional Units of Mammalian Gene Control.” Cell 167, 5 (November 2016): 1188–1200 © 2016 Elsevier Inc
Version
Author's final manuscript
Abstract
Understanding how transcriptional enhancers control over 20,000 protein-coding genes to maintain cell-type-specific gene expression programs in all human cells is a fundamental challenge in regulatory biology. Recent studies suggest that gene regulatory elements and their target genes generally occur within insulated neighborhoods, which are chromosomal loop structures formed by the interaction of two DNA sites bound by the CTCF protein and occupied by the cohesin complex. Here, we review evidence that insulated neighborhoods provide for specific enhancer-gene interactions, are essential for both normal gene activation and repression, form a chromosome scaffold that is largely preserved throughout development, and are perturbed by genetic and epigenetic factors in disease. Insulated neighborhoods are a powerful paradigm for gene control that provides new insights into development and disease.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology
Terms of Use
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CELL.2016.10.024
