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Evolution of the Solid–Electrolyte Interphase on Carbonaceous Anodes Visualized by Atomic-Resolution Cryogenic Electron Microscopy
Name
acs.nanolett.9b01515.pdf
Description
Accepted version
Size
9.35 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
bc2af0eb5dec0837e4b6d0bd6f309f27
Author(s)
Huang, William
Attia, Peter M
Wang, Hansen
Renfrew, Sara E
Jin, Norman
Das, Supratim
Zhang, Zewen
Boyle, David T
Li, Yuzhang
Bazant, Martin Z
Date Issued
2019
Journal
Nano Letters
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Version
Author's final manuscript
Abstract
© 2019 American Chemical Society. The stability of modern lithium-ion batteries depends critically on an effective solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), a passivation layer that forms on the carbonaceous negative electrode as a result of electrolyte reduction. However, a nanoscopic understanding of how the SEI evolves with battery aging remains limited due to the difficulty in characterizing the structural and chemical properties of this sensitive interphase. In this work, we image the SEI on carbon black negative electrodes using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and track its evolution during cycling. We find that a thin, primarily amorphous SEI nucleates on the first cycle, which further evolves into one of two distinct SEI morphologies upon further cycling: (1) a compact SEI, with a high concentration of inorganic components that effectively passivates the negative electrode; and (2) an extended SEI spanning hundreds of nanometers. This extended SEI grows on particles that lack a compact SEI and consists primarily of alkyl carbonates. The diversity in observed SEI morphologies suggests that SEI growth is a highly heterogeneous process. The simultaneous emergence of these distinct SEI morphologies highlights the necessity of effective passivation by the SEI, as large-scale extended SEI growths negatively impact lithium-ion transport, contribute to capacity loss, and may accelerate battery failure.
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DOI of Published Version
10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01515
