Ex situ determination of freely dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils: basis for interpreting toxicity and assessing bioavailability, risks and remediation necessity
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nihms-1594384.pdf
Description
Accepted version
Size
789 KB
Format
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Checksum (MD5)
1934e7f6f2b336207f8dd279e2a49826
Author(s)
Jonker, Michiel TO
Burgess, Robert M
Ghosh, Upal
Gschwend, Philip M
Hale, Sarah E
Lohmann, Rainer
Lydy, Michael J
Maruya, Keith A
Reible, Danny
Smedes, Foppe
Date Issued
April 2020
Journal
Nature Protocols
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Citation
Jonker, M.T.O., Burgess, R.M., Ghosh, U. et al. Ex situ determination of freely dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils: basis for interpreting toxicity and assessing bioavailability, risks and remediation necessity. Nat Protoc 15, 1800–1828 (2020) © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Version
Author's final manuscript
Abstract
The freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils is considered the driver behind chemical bioavailability and, ultimately, toxic effects in benthic organisms. Therefore, quantifying Cfree, although challenging, is critical when assessing risks of contamination in field and spiked sediments and soils (e.g., when judging remediation necessity or interpreting results of toxicity assays performed for chemical safety assessments). Here, we provide a state-of-the-art passive sampling protocol for determining Cfree in sediment and soil samples. It represents an international consensus procedure, developed during a recent interlaboratory comparison study. The protocol describes the selection and preconditioning of the passive sampling polymer, critical incubation system component dimensions, equilibration and equilibrium condition confirmation, quantitative sampler extraction, quality assurance/control issues and final calculations of Cfree. The full procedure requires several weeks (depending on the sampler used) because of prolonged equilibration times. However, hands-on time, excluding chemical analysis, is approximately 3 d for a set of about 15 replicated samples.
MIT Department
Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1038/S41596-020-0311-Y
