Melanoma genome sequencing reveals frequent PREX2 mutations
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Lander_Melanoma genome.pdf
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Author(s)
Berger, Michael F.
Hodis, Eran
Heffernan, Timothy P.
Deribe, Yonathan Lissanu
Lawrence, Michael S.
Protopopov, Alexei
Ivanova, Elena
Watson, Ian R.
Nickerson, Elizabeth
Ghosh, Papia
Date Issued
May 2012
Journal
Nature
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Citation
Berger, Michael F., Eran Hodis, Timothy P. Heffernan, Yonathan Lissanu Deribe, Michael S. Lawrence, Alexei Protopopov, Elena Ivanova, et al. “Melanoma genome sequencing reveals frequent PREX2 mutations.” Nature (May 9, 2012).
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Author's final manuscript
Abstract
Melanoma is notable for its metastatic propensity, lethality in the advanced setting and association with ultraviolet exposure early in life. To obtain a comprehensive genomic view of melanoma in humans, we sequenced the genomes of 25 metastatic melanomas and matched germline DNA. A wide range of point mutation rates was observed: lowest in melanomas whose primaries arose on non-ultraviolet-exposed hairless skin of the extremities (3 and 14 per megabase (Mb) of genome), intermediate in those originating from hair-bearing skin of the trunk (5–55 per Mb), and highest in a patient with a documented history of chronic sun exposure (111 per Mb). Analysis of whole-genome sequence data identified PREX2 (phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 2)—a PTEN-interacting protein and negative regulator of PTEN in breast cancer—as a significantly mutated gene with a mutation frequency of approximately 14% in an independent extension cohort of 107 human melanomas. PREX2 mutations are biologically relevant, as ectopic expression of mutant PREX2 accelerated tumour formation of immortalized human melanocytes in vivo. Thus, whole-genome sequencing of human melanoma tumours revealed genomic evidence of ultraviolet pathogenesis and discovered a new recurrently mutated gene in melanoma.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11071
