Disturbance Neutral Winds Effects on the Ionospheric Strip‐Like Bulge at Lower‐Middle Latitudes
Name
JGR Space Physics - 2022 - Wan - Disturbance Neutral Winds Effects on the Ionospheric Strip‐Like Bulge at Lower‐Middle.pdf
Description
Published version
Size
10.29 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
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Author(s)
Wan, Xin
Zhong, Jiahao
Zhang, Shun‐Rong
Xiong, Chao
Wang, Hui
Liu, Yiwen
Huang, Fuqing
Li, Qiaoling
Kuai, Jiawei
Chen, Jiawen
Date Issued
July 14, 2022
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Citation
Wan, X., Zhong, J., Zhang, S.-R., Xiong, C., Wang, H., Liu, Y., et al. (2022). Disturbance neutral winds effects on the ionospheric strip-like bulge at lower-middle latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030541.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
During the geomagnetic storm on 3–6 November 2021, the in-situ plasma density and the gridded total electron content (TEC) maps registered a persistent presence of the strip-like bulges (electron density enhancement, also known as the shoulders in previous literatures) at lower-middle latitudes. The observed strip-like bulge resided in the Pacific-America-Atlantic sector and lasted from 07:00 UT on 4 November to 20:00 UT on 6 November. For the first time, the temporal evolution of the 2-D strip-like bulge was recorded by gridded TEC maps, though observations were limited over the North American continents. The TEC maps showed a continuous shrinking of the nightside midlatitude plasma band structure right before the presence of the narrow strip-like bulge. Simultaneous measurements from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer satellite (ICON) revealed an equatorward turning of the field-aligned ion transportation driven by the disturbance equatorward neutral winds. However, the enhanced fountain effect at low latitudes was not observed during the entire formation phase of the strip-like bulge. We propose that the storm-induced enhanced equatorward thermospheric neutral winds push the plasma equatorward along the field lines, and the plasma band structure was developed into the strip-like bulge. In addition, the ion composition of both the plasma band structure and the strip-like bulges are dominated by H+, and the maintenance of the strip-like bulge could be due to the compensation of the downward plasmaspheric content flux.
MIT Department
Haystack Observatory
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030541
