Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Porous Electrodes
Name
Bazant_Nonequilibrium thermodynamics.pdf
Size
1.48 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
43f4b5efce43135f0793785cc534d1e8
Author(s)
Ferguson, Todd Richard
Bazant, Martin Z.
Date Issued
October 2012
Journal
Journal of The Electrochemical Society
Publisher
The Electrochemical Society
Citation
Ferguson, T. R., and M. Z. Bazant. “Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Porous Electrodes.” Journal of the Electrochemical Society 159.12 (2012): A1967–A1985. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society
Version
Final published version
Abstract
We reformulate and extend porous electrode theory for non-ideal active materials, including those capable of phase transformations. Using principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we relate the cell voltage, ionic fluxes, and faradaic charge-transfer kinetics to the variational electrochemical potentials of ions and electrons. The Butler-Volmer exchange current is consistently expressed in terms of the activities of the reduced, oxidized and transition states, and the activation overpotential is defined relative to the local Nernst potential. We also apply mathematical bounds on effective diffusivity to estimate porosity and tortuosity corrections. The theory is illustrated for a Li-ion battery with active solid particles described by a Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model. Depending on the applied current and porous electrode properties, the dynamics can be limited by electrolyte transport, solid diffusion and phase separation, or intercalation kinetics. In phase-separating porous electrodes, the model predicts narrow reaction fronts, mosaic instabilities and voltage fluctuations at low current, consistent with recent experiments, which could not be described by existing porous electrode models.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mathematics
Terms of Use
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.048212jes
