Signal Processing Techniques Applied to Biomedical Diagnostics
Name
Degani_idegani_PhD_EECS_2022_thesis.pdf
Description
Thesis PDF
Size
16.31 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
1dfbec4ee79c4bb6119d249518790020
Author(s)
Degani, Ismail
Advisor(s)
Lee, Hakho
Date Issued
February 2022
Publisher
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Abstract
An effective way to combat cancer and infectious disease in resource-poor settings is to implement rapid and accurate diagnostic tests that can be administered at the point of care (POC). Developing such miniaturized, portable, and low-cost systems requires innovative approaches in both assay and device design. In this thesis, we construct a novel phase-sensitive "lock-in" amplifier (LIA) based on the Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWHT), and evaluate its ability to boost the signal-to-noise ratio of optical fluorescence signals. The LIA is designed to be resilient in challenging environments containing high/unpredictable ambient noise. We then develop two rapid diagnostic systems that pair this technology with isothermal CRISPR-Cas12a-based DNA/RNA amplification to detect clinically relevant targets with high specificity. Finally, we evaluate the clinical performance of our systems in detecting target genes for (1) SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), the causal agent of cervical cancer.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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