Functional and shunt states of bacteriorhodopsin resolved by 250 GHz dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state NMR
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Bajaj-2009-Functional and shunt.pdf
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Author(s)
Bajaj, Vikram S.
Mak-Jurkauskas, Melody L.
Belenky, Marina
Herzfeld, Judith
Griffin, Robert Guy
Date Issued
June 2009
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Citation
Bajaj, Vikram S. et al. “Functional and shunt states of bacteriorhodopsin resolved by 250 GHz dynamic nuclear polarization–enhanced solid-state NMR.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106.23 (2009): 9244-9249. © 2009 the National Academy of Sciences
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Final published version
Abstract
Observation and structural studies of reaction intermediates of proteins are challenging because of the mixtures of states usually present at low concentrations. Here, we use a 250 GHz gyrotron (cyclotron resonance maser) and cryogenic temperatures to perform high-frequency dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR experiments that enhance sensitivity in magic-angle spinning NMR spectra of cryo-trapped photocycle intermediates of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) by a factor of ≈90. Multidimensional spectroscopy of U-13C,15N-labeled samples resolved coexisting states and allowed chemical shift assignments in the retinylidene chromophore for several intermediates not observed previously. The correlation spectra reveal unexpected heterogeneity in dark-adapted bR, distortion in the K state, and, most importantly, 4 discrete L substates. Thermal relaxation of the mixture of L's showed that 3 of these substates revert to bR568 and that only the 1 substate with both the strongest counterion and a fully relaxed 13-cis bond is functional. These definitive observations of functional and shunt states in the bR photocycle provide a preview of the mechanistic insights that will be accessible in membrane proteins via sensitivity-enhanced DNP NMR. These observations would have not been possible absent the signal enhancement available from DNP.
Subjects
magic-angle spinning
photocycle intermediate
retinal protein
ion transport
DNP
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry
Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
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DOI of Published Version
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900908106
