Granular Thermodynamics
Name
Reis_Granular thermodynamics.pdf
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5.3 MB
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Author(s)
Shattuck, M. D.
Ingale, R. A.
Reis, Pedro Miguel
Date Issued
June 2009
Journal
AIP Conference Proceedings; v. 1145 (Powders and Grains 2009: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media)
Publisher
American Institute of Physics
Citation
Shattuck, M. D., R. A. Ingale, and P. M. Reis. “Granular Thermodynamics.” Ed. Masami Nakagawa & Stefan Luding. AIP Conference Proceedings 1145.1 (2009): 43-50. ©2009 American Institute of Physics
Version
Final published version
Abstract
We present experimental evidence for a strong analogy between quasi-2D uniform non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of excited granular materials and equilibrium thermodynamics. Under isochoric conditions we find that the structure of granular NESS, as measured by the radial distribution function, the bond order parameter, and the distribution of Voronoi cells, is the same as that found in equilibrium simulations of hard disks. Three distinct states are found corresponding to a gas, a dense gas, and a crystal. The dynamics of the dense gas is characterized by sub-diffusive behavior on intermediate time scales (caging). Under isobaric conditions we find a sharp first-order phase transition characterized by a discontinuous change in density and granular temperature as a function of excitation strength. The transition shows rate dependent hysteresis but is completely reversible if the excitation strength changes quasi-statically. All of these behaviors are analogous to equilibrium thermodynamics. The one difference is the velocity distributions, which are well described by P(c) = fMB[1+a2S2(c2)], in the range −2=2, P(c)[proportional]exp(−A×c−3/2) as observed in many other experiments.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3179956
