Exposure Potential and Health Impacts of Indium and Gallium, Metals Critical to Emerging Electronics and Energy Technologies
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40572_2016_118_ReferencePDF.pdf
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Author(s)
Shine, James P.
White, Sarah Jane O'Connell
Date Issued
October 2016
Journal
Current Environmental Health Reports
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Citation
White, Sarah Jane O., and James P. Shine. “Exposure Potential and Health Impacts of Indium and Gallium, Metals Critical to Emerging Electronics and Energy Technologies.” Current Environmental Health Reports 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 459–467.
Version
Author's final manuscript
Abstract
The rapid growth of new electronics and energy technologies requires the use of rare elements of the periodic table. For many of these elements, little is known about their environmental behavior or human health impacts. This is true for indium and gallium, two technology critical elements. Increased environmental concentrations of both indium and gallium create the potential for increased environmental exposure, though little is known about the extent of this exposure. Evidence is mounting that indium and gallium can have substantial toxicity, including in occupational settings where indium lung disease has been recognized as a potentially fatal disease caused by the inhalation of indium particles. This paper aims to review the basic chemistry, changing environmental concentrations, potential for human exposure, and known health effects of indium and gallium. Keywords: Trace metals, E-waste, Occupational exposure, Semiconductor, Indium lung disease, Environment
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Environmental Health Sciences
Terms of Use
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-016-0118-8
