Observation of Bose–Einstein condensation in a strong synthetic magnetic field
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Observation of bose-einstein.pdf
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Author(s)
Kennedy, Colin
Burton, William Cody
Chung, Woo Chang
Ketterle, Wolfgang
Date Issued
August 2015
Journal
Nature Physics
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Citation
Kennedy, Colin J.; Burton, William Cody; Chung, Woo Chang and Ketterle, Wolfgang. “Observation of Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Strong Synthetic Magnetic Field.” Nature Physics 11, no. 10 (August 2015): 859–864. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Version
Original manuscript
Abstract
Extensions of Berry’s phase and the quantum Hall effect have led to the discovery of new states of matter with topological properties. Traditionally, this has been achieved using magnetic fields or spin–orbit interactions, which couple only to charged particles. For neutral ultracold atoms, synthetic magnetic fields have been created that are strong enough to realize the Harper–Hofstadter model. We report the first observation of Bose–Einstein condensation in this system and study the Harper–Hofstadter Hamiltonian with one-half flux quantum per lattice unit cell. The diffraction pattern of the superfluid state directly shows the momentum distribution of the wavefunction, which is gauge-dependent. It reveals both the reduced symmetry of the vector potential and the twofold degeneracy of the ground state. We explore an adiabatic many-body state preparation protocol via the Mott insulating phase and observe the superfluid ground state in a three-dimensional lattice with strong interactions.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics
MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms
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Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3421
