Active Tuning of Optical Constants in the Visible–UV: Praseodymium‐Doped Ceria—a Model Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductor
Name
10.1002-adom.202001934.pdf
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1.42 MB
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54940ba4690097352fd4824d3b751f43
Author(s)
Kalaev, Dmitri
Tuller, Harry L.
Date Issued
January 18, 2021
Journal
Advanced Optical Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Citation
Kalaev, D., Tuller, H. L., Active Tuning of Optical Constants in the Visible–UV: Praseodymium-Doped Ceria—a Model Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductor. Adv. Optical Mater. 2021, 9, 2001934.
Version
Author's final manuscript
Abstract
Mixed ionic–electronic conductors offer chemical and electrical means for active tuning of their optical constants, e.g., with variations in oxygen non-stoichiometry in Pr0.1Ce0.9O2–δ, enabling implementation of adaptive thin film optical devices. In situ chemo-tuning of the extinction coefficient in Pr0.1Ce0.9O2–δ at elevated temperatures is demonstrated and a tuning model is provided that treats the interdependence of mobile oxygen vacancies and small polarons coupled to variations in optically active praseodymium ions. Furthermore, a new means for electro-tuning of the optical constants of mixed ionic–electronic conductors is demonstrated experimentally and modeled for Pr0.1Ce0.9O2–δ thin films deposited on grid-like electrode structures. Modeling of non-steady-state optical transmittance modulations in the latter allows for estimation of oxygen vacancy mobility that determines the switching speed of the device. Quenched-in values of nr and k to room temperature become nonvolatile, providing a modulation range in the extinction coefficient of Δk ≈ 0.1 (change of ≈800%) and in the refractive index of Δnr ≈ 0.1 (relative to initial nr of ≈2.35). Key figures of merit, including transmission optical modulation of ≈0.04 per 1 mV nm–1, switching energy per area of 1.9 nJ µm–2, and switching times of seconds, are demonstrated, with further improvements possible.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202001934
