Efficient Hydroxyapatite Extraction from Salmon Bone Waste: An Improved Lab-Scaled Physico-Chemico-Biological Process
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molecules-29-04002.pdf
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Author(s)
Muñoz, Francisco
Haidar, Ziyad S.
Puigdollers, Andreu
Guerra, Ignacio
Padilla, María Cristina
Ortega, Nicole
Balcells, Mercedes
García, María José
Date Issued
August 24, 2024
Journal
Molecules
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Citation
Muñoz, F.; Haidar, Z.S.; Puigdollers, A.; Guerra, I.; Padilla, M.C.; Ortega, N.; Balcells, M.; García, M.J. Efficient Hydroxyapatite Extraction from Salmon Bone Waste: An Improved Lab-Scaled Physico-Chemico-Biological Process. Molecules 2024, 29, 4002.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
The demand for novel tissue grafting and regenerative wound care biomaterials is growing as traditional options often fall short in biocompatibility, functional integration with human tissue, associated cost(s), and sustainability. Salmon aquaculture generates significant volumes of waste, offering a sustainable opportunity for biomaterial production, particularly in osteo-conduction/-induction, and de novo clinical/surgical bone regeneration. Henceforth, this study explores re-purposing salmon waste through a standardized pre-treatment process that minimizes the biological waste content, followed by a treatment stage to remove proteins, lipids, and other compounds, resulting in a mineral-rich substrate. Herein, we examined various methods—alkaline hydrolysis, calcination, and NaOH hydrolysis—to better identify and determine the most efficient and effective process for producing bio-functional nano-sized hydroxyapatite. Through comprehensive chemical, physical, and biological assessments, including Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, we also optimized the extraction process. Our modified and innovative alkaline hydrolysis–calcination method yielded salmon-derived hydroxyapatite with a highly crystalline structure, an optimal Ca/P ratio, and excellent biocompatibility. The attractive nano-scale cellular/tissular properties and favorable molecular characteristics, particularly well-suited for bone repair, are comparable to or even surpass those of synthetic, human, bovine, and porcine hydroxyapatite, positioning it as a promising candidate for use in tissue engineering, wound healing, and regenerative medicine indications.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174002
