Theoretical and experimental study of second harmonic generation from the surface of the topological insulator Bi[subscript 2]Se[subscript 3]
Name
McIver-2012-Theoretical and experimental study of second harmonic.pdf
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1.06 MB
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Author(s)
McIver, James
Hsieh, David
Drapcho, Steven G.
Torchinsky, Darius Hosseinzadeh
Gardner, Dillon Richard
Lee, Young S.
Gedik, Nuh
Date Issued
July 2012
Journal
Physical Review B
Publisher
American Physical Society
Citation
McIver, J. et al. “Theoretical and Experimental Study of Second Harmonic Generation from the Surface of the Topological Insulator Bi[subscript 2]Se[subscript 3].” Physical Review B 86.3 (2012). ©2012 American Physical Society
Version
Final published version
Abstract
We develop a theoretical model that describes the second harmonic generation of light from the surface of the topological insulator Bi[subscript 2]Se[subscript 3] and experimentally demonstrate that the technique is sensitive to the surface electrons. By performing a crystal symmetry analysis of Bi[subscript 2]Se[subscript 3](111) we determine the nonlinear electric susceptibility tensor elements that give rise to second harmonic generation. Using these results, we present a phenomenological model that shows that the relative magnitudes of these tensor elements can be determined by measuring the polarization and intensity of the radiated second harmonic light as a function of the in-plane crystal orientation and incident laser polarization. We describe optical techniques capable of isolating second harmonic light and, using these techniques, we measure the first-order linear optical and second-order nonlinear optical responses as a function of crystal orientation and laser polarization on bulk single crystals of Bi[subscript 2]Se[subscript 3](111). The experimental results are consistent with our theoretical description. By comparing the data to our theoretical model we determine that a portion of the measured second harmonic light originates from the accumulation region of Bi[subscript 2]Se[subscript 3](111), which we confirm by performing surface doping-dependent studies. Our results show that second harmonic generation is a promising tool for spectroscopic studies of topological surfaces and buried interfaces.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.035327
