Cloning, stem cells and epigenetic reprogramming after nuclear transfer
Name
52292054-MIT.pdf
Description
Full printable version
Size
8.56 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
9b1df7075a9f86b88ce94039b028e883
Author(s)
Eggan, Kevin C. (Kevin Carl), 1974-
Advisor(s)
Rudolf Jaenisch.
Date Issued
2003
Publisher
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Abstract
The process by which a single totipotent cell becomes a complex organism is a unidirectional program, with each mitotic division generating new cells that gradually differentiate towards more specified fates and specialized functions. Nuclear transfer (NT) experiments have demonstrated the epigenetic nature of development and showed, that although differentiated cells have a very limited developmental potential, the nuclei of these cells retain the potency to direct embryogenesis after reintroduction into the unfertilized oocyte. Herein, we have used the mouse as a model system for understanding both the nature of epigenetic reprogramming that occurs after NT as well as the ramifications it has for the development of cloned animals. Specifically, we investigated how epigenetic states are reprogrammed after NT and demonstrated that the inactive X chromosome is reactivated in NT embryos, resulting in normal X inactivation in female clones. Additionally, investigations into the factors that influence the survival of cloned animals, indicate that there are considerable genetic influences on the cloning process. These genetic factors modify the survival of mice cloned from ES cells by influencing the developmental potential of the donor ES cells rather then the reprogramming process itself. This realization has subsequently led to the development of novel methods for the expedited production of complex mutant mice, which are also described. Finally, we have created cloned embryos by NT from both cortical and mature olfactory sensory neurons to address question of nuclear equivalence in the brain and to investigate whether generation of synaptic diversity or odorant receptor choice, are mediated by genetic as well as epigenetic events.
Description
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-146).
Subjects
Biology.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology
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