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The Multiplanet System TOI-421
Name
Carleo_2020_AJ_160_114.pdf
Description
Published version
Size
9.9 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
603154c7ab0205bb598b4c449a89f7b8
Date Issued
2020
Journal
Astronomical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Version
Final published version
Abstract
© 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We report the discovery of a warm Neptune and a hot sub-Neptune transiting TOI-421 (BD-14 1137, TIC 94986319), a bright (V = 9.9) G9 dwarf star in a visual binary system observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) space mission in Sectors 5 and 6. We performed ground-based follow-up observations - comprised of Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope transit photometry, NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging, and FIbre-fed Echellé Spectrograph, CORALIE, High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, High Resolution chelle Spectrometer, and Planet Finder Spectrograph high-precision Doppler measurements - and confirmed the planetary nature of the 16 day transiting candidate announced by the TESS team. We discovered an additional radial velocity signal with a period of five days induced by the presence of a second planet in the system, which we also found to transit its host star. We found that the inner mini-Neptune, TOI-421 b, has an orbital period of P b = 5.19672 ± 0.00049 days, a mass of M b = 7.17 ± 0.66 M ⊕, and a radius of R b = 2.68-0.18+0.19 R ⊕, whereas the outer warm Neptune, TOI-421 c, has a period of P c = 16.06819 ± 0.00035 days, a mass of M c = 16.42-1.04+1.06 M ⊕, a radius of R c = 5.09-0.15+0.16 R ⊕, and a density of ρ c = 0.685-0.072+0.080 g cm-3. With its characteristics, the outer planet (ρ c = 0.685-0.072+0.080 g cm-3) is placed in the intriguing class of the super-puffy mini-Neptunes. TOI-421 b and TOI-421 c are found to be well-suited for atmospheric characterization. Our atmospheric simulations predict significant Lyα transit absorption, due to strong hydrogen escape in both planets, as well as the presence of detectable CH4 in the atmosphere of TOI-421 c if equilibrium chemistry is assumed.
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DOI of Published Version
10.3847/1538-3881/ABA124
