Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanics from the Attached to the Suspended State
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Maloney-2010-Mesenchymal Stem Cel.pdf
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Author(s)
Maloney, John M.
Nikova, Dessy
Lautenschläger, Franziska
Clarke, Emer
Langer, Robert
Guck, Jochen
Van Vliet, Krystyn J.
Date Issued
October 2010
Journal
Biophysical Journal
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Maloney, John M., Dessy Nikova, Franziska Lautenschläger, Emer Clarke, Robert Langer, Jochen Guck, and Krystyn J. Van Vliet. “Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanics from the Attached to the Suspended State.” Biophysical Journal 99, no. 8 (October 2010): 2479–2487. © 2010 Biophysical Society
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are therapeutically useful cells that are typically expanded in vitro on stiff substrata before reimplantation. Here we explore MSC mechanical and structural changes via atomic force microscopy and optical stretching during extended passaging, and we demonstrate that cytoskeletal organization and mechanical stiffness of attached MSC populations are strongly modulated over >15 population doublings in vitro. Cytoskeletal actin networks exhibit significant coarsening, attendant with decreasing average mechanical compliance and differentiation potential of these cells, although expression of molecular surface markers does not significantly decline. These mechanical changes are not observed in the suspended state, indicating that the changes manifest themselves as alterations in stress fiber arrangement rather than cortical cytoskeleton arrangement. Additionally, optical stretching is capable of investigating a previously unquantified structural transition: remodeling-induced stiffening over tens of minutes after adherent cells are suspended. Finally, we find that optically stretched hMSCs exhibit power-law rheology during both loading and recovery; this evidence appears to be the first to originate from a biophysical measurement technique not involving cell-probe or cell-substratum contact. Together, these quantitative assessments of attached and suspended MSCs define the extremes of the extracellular environment while probing intracellular mechanisms that contribute to cell mechanical response.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.052
