Organic geochemistry of the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event in Hawsker Bottoms, Yorkshire, England
Name
Summons_Organic geochemistry.pdf
Size
1.56 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
1cd2cda60a97a7327b9ddb64d530a9b9
Author(s)
Trabucho-Alexandre, J.
French, Katherine L.
Grocke, D. R.
Sepulveda, Julio C
Summons, Roger E
Date Issued
January 2014
Journal
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
French, K.L., J. Sepulveda, J. Trabucho-Alexandre, D.R. Grocke, and R.E. Summons. “Organic Geochemistry of the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in Hawsker Bottoms, Yorkshire, England.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 390 (March 2014): 116–127.
Version
Original manuscript
Abstract
A comprehensive organic geochemical investigation of the Hawsker Bottoms outcrop section in Yorkshire, England has provided new insights about environmental conditions leading into and during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE; ~183 Ma). Rock-Eval and molecular analyses demonstrate that the section is uniformly within the early oil window. Hydrogen index (HI), organic petrography, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) distributions, and tricyclic terpane ratios mark a shift to a lower relative abundance of terrigenous organic matter supplied to the sampling locality during the onset of the T-OAE and across a lithological transition. Unlike other ancient intervals of anoxia and extinction, biomarker indices of planktonic community structure do not display major changes or anomalous values. Depositional environment and redox indicators support a shift towards more reducing conditions in the sediment porewaters and the development of a seasonally stratified water column during the T-OAE. In addition to carotenoid biomarkers for green sulfur bacteria (GSB), we report the first occurrence of okenane, a marker of purple sulfur bacteria (PSB), in marine samples younger than ~1.64 Ga. Based on modern observations, a planktonic source of okenane's precursor, okenone, would require extremely shallow photic zone euxinia (PZE) and a highly restricted depositional environment. However, due to coastal vertical mixing, the lack of planktonic okenone production in modern marine sulfidic environments, and building evidence of okenone production in mat-dwelling Chromatiaceae, we propose a sedimentary source of okenone as an alternative. Lastly, we report the first parallel compound-specific δ[superscript 13]C record in marine- and terrestrial-derived biomarkers across the T-OAE. The δ[superscript 13]C records of short-chain n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, and long-chain n -alkanes all encode negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), and together, they support an injection of isotopically light carbon that impacted both the atmospheric and marine carbon reservoirs. To date, molecular δ[superscript 13]C records of the T-OAE display a negative CIE that is smaller in magnitude compared to the bulk organic δ[superscript 13]C excursion. Although multiple mechanisms could explain this observation, our molecular, petrographic, and Rock-Eval data suggest that variable mixing of terrigenous and marine organic matter is an important factor affecting the bulk organic δ[superscript 13]C records of the T-OAE.
MIT Department
Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Terms of Use
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike
Persistent DSpace Link
DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.033
