Electromechanical systems to enhance the usability and diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound imaging
Name
905973181-MIT.pdf
Description
Full printable version
Size
44.32 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
d3ab356f2f922e51175d249ad9e9fc23
Author(s)
Gilbertson, Matthew Wright
Advisor(s)
Brian Anthony.
Date Issued
2014
Publisher
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Abstract
Ultrasound is used extensively in medicine to non-invasively examine soft tissues. Compared to computed-tomography (CT) scanning or X-ray imaging, ultrasound is lower-cost, more portable, real time, and subjects neither the caregiver nor the patient to potentially harmful ionizing radiation, which makes it the imaging modality of choice for many medical applications. Common uses include fetal, vascular, and musculoskeletal imaging, as well as biopsy needle insertion guidance. With 165 million ultrasound exams conducted in the United States annually, and an annual US market of $1.3 billion, improvements to the usability and diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound imaging could lead to significant improvements in medical care. Ultrasound is unique because it generally requires significant contact force with the patient. This has a number of important consequences. The contact forces exerted by the ultrasound probe are generally not known, resulting in images that are acquired at non-repeatable levels of compression, which makes sequentially-acquired ultrasound images difficult to compare and reproduce. Contact force has also been implicated as a major risk factor in work-related musculoskeletal disease (WRMSD) amongst ultrasonographers; currently, clinical reports indicate that nearly 90% of sonographers scan in pain. This thesis explores the mechanical design and experimental evaluation of three novel electro-mechanical systems that could be used to enhance the usability and diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound by measuring and/or controlling probe acquisition state (i.e., contact forces, torques, and angles of orientation). The first system, a hand-held servo-driven ball screw stage, improves image repeatability by applying a constant, programmable contact force between the probe and the patient, and attenuates hand tremors by a factor of 10. The second system, a force/torque-measuring ultrasound probe, was used in the first rigorous clinical study to characterize contact forces and torques applied during abdominal scanning. The third device, driven by a voice coil motor, enables high-bandwidth constant force scanning, and was used to measure the elastic modulus of tissue-an indicator of tissue health-at repeatable pre-load forces.
Description
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 283-293).
Subjects
Mechanical Engineering.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering
Terms of Use
M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.
Persistent DSpace Link
