Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breathing sound characteristics from simultaneous above and underwater measurements
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2304_1_10.0036353.pdf
Description
Published version
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5.48 MB
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Author(s)
Radermacher, Max K
Schinault, Matthew E
Seri, Sai Geetha
Mohebbi-Kalkhoran, Hamed
Makris, Nicholas C
Ratilal, Purnima
Date Issued
April 1, 2025
Journal
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Publisher
Acoustical Society of America
Citation
Max K. Radermacher, Matthew E. Schinault, Sai Geetha Seri, Hamed Mohebbi-Kalkhoran, Nicholas C. Makris, Purnima Ratilal; Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breathing sound characteristics from simultaneous above and underwater measurements. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 April 2025; 157 (4): 2304–2318.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Humpback whale breathing-related sounds were recorded on elements of a coherent hydrophone array subaperture deployed vertically at the Great South Channel on the US Northeastern continental shelf in Fall 2021, where half of the hydrophones were in-air and the rest submerged underwater. In-air hydrophones recorded breathing sounds with approximately 2.5 s duration, but smaller bandwidths compared to underwater hydrophones where signal energies extended beyond 50 kHz, and a mean underwater source level of 161 ± 4 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m, based on measurements at 22.9 m. The underwater recorded humpback whale breathing sound spectra displayed a broadband dip centered at 15.7 kHz, with approximately 400 Hz half-power bandwidth, likely caused by attenuation from propagation through pulsating air bubbles. The air bubble radius for natural frequency of oscillations at 15.7 kHz is estimated to be 0.205–0.21 mm. These bubbles are capable of removing energy from the forward propagated humpback breathing sounds via resonance absorption most pronounced at and near bubble natural oscillation frequency. Humpback whale distances from the vertically deployed hydrophones are estimated and tracked by matching the curved nonlinear travel-time wavefront of its breathing sounds, since the whale was in the near-field of the subarray.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Creative Commons Attribution
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DOI of Published Version
10.1121/10.0036353
