Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O
Name
Saikawa-2014-Global and regional.pdf
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3.58 MB
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Checksum (MD5)
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Author(s)
Dlugokencky, E.
Ishijima, K.
Dutton, G. S.
Hall, B. D.
Langenfelds, R. L.
Tohjima, Y.
Machida, Toshinobu
Manizza, Manfredi
Rigby, M.
O'Doherty, Simon
Date Issued
May 2014
Journal
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Citation
Saikawa, E., R. G. Prinn, E. Dlugokencky, K. Ishijima, G. S. Dutton, B. D. Hall, R. Langenfelds, et al. “Global and Regional Emissions Estimates for N2O.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 9 (May 13, 2014): 4617–4641.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
We present a comprehensive estimate of nitrous oxide (N[subscript 2]O) emissions using observations and models from 1995 to 2008. High-frequency records of tropospheric N[subscript 2]O are available from measurements at Cape Grim, Tasmania; Cape Matatula, American Samoa; Ragged Point, Barbados; Mace Head, Ireland; and at Trinidad Head, California using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) instrumentation and calibrations. The Global Monitoring Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) has also collected discrete air samples in flasks and in situ measurements from remote sites across the globe and analyzed them for a suite of species including N[subscript 2]O. In addition to these major networks, we include in situ and aircraft measurements from the National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES) and flask measurements from the Tohoku University and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) networks. All measurements show increasing atmospheric mole fractions of N[subscript 2]O, with a varying growth rate of 0.1–0.7% per year, resulting in a 7.4% increase in the background atmospheric mole fraction between 1979 and 2011. Using existing emission inventories as well as bottom-up process modeling results, we first create globally gridded a priori N[subscript 2]O emissions over the 37 years since 1975. We then use the three-dimensional chemical transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART v4), and a Bayesian inverse method to estimate global as well as regional annual emissions for five source sectors from 13 regions in the world. This is the first time that all of these measurements from multiple networks have been combined to determine emissions. Our inversion indicates that global and regional N[subscript 2]O emissions have an increasing trend between 1995 and 2008. Despite large uncertainties, a significant increase is seen from the Asian agricultural sector in recent years, most likely due to an increase in the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, as has been suggested by previous studies.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science
Terms of Use
Creative Commons Attribution
Persistent DSpace Link
DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4617-2014
