Reducing Physical Hazards: Encouraging Inherently Safer Production (Chapter 17)
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Author(s)
Ashford, Nicholas A.
Date Issued
September 2013
Journal
Handbook of Green Chemistry, Volume 9, Green Processes, Designing Safer Chemicals
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Citation
Ashford, Nicholas A. "Reducing Physical Hazards: Encouraging Inherently Safer Production." In Handbook of Green Chemistry, Volume 9: 485-500. Chapter 17, Green Processes, Designing Safer Chemicals. Paul T. Anastas (Series Editor), Robert Boethling (Volume Editor), Adelina Votchkova (Volume Editor). Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, (September 2013).
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Author's final manuscript
Abstract
Physical hazards differ from hazards related to the toxicity of chemicals and materials in a number of ways. Their origin is the sudden and accidental release of chemicals and/ or energy - that is, chemical accidents, explosions, and spills - as distinct from the expected products, by-products, or gradual pollution associated with chemical production and use. The chemicals or materials are not always inherently toxic. For example, flour or olive oil can be explosive in an industrial operation if the particles or mist, respectively, are fine enough such that a spark leads to an ignition. Therefore, not only are the inherent characteristics of materials relevant, but also the processes associated with their production, use, or storage (for example, grain elevator explosions come to mind). More than substituting starting or feedstock materials - or making a different chemical - may be needed to prevent untoward events. Hence the design of both inherently safer materials and production systems must be addressed.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division
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http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-3527326391.html
