On the non-perturbative bulk Hilbert space of JT gravity
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13130_2024_Article_24801.pdf
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Author(s)
Iliesiu, Luca V.
Levine, Adam
Lin, Henry W.
Maxfield, Henry
Mezei, Márk
Date Issued
October 29, 2024
Journal
Journal of High Energy Physics
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Citation
Iliesiu, L.V., Levine, A., Lin, H.W. et al. On the non-perturbative bulk Hilbert space of JT gravity. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 220 (2024).
Version
Final published version
Abstract
What is the bulk Hilbert space of quantum gravity? In this paper, we resolve this problem in 2d JT gravity, both with and without matter, providing an explicit definition of a non-perturbative Hilbert space specified in terms of metric variables. The states are wavefunctions of the length and matter state, but with a non-trivial and highly degenerate inner product. We explicitly identify the null states, and discuss their importance for defining operators non-perturbatively. To highlight the power of the formalism we developed, we study the non-perturbative effects for two bulk linear operators that may serve as proxies for the experience of an observer falling into a two-sided black hole: one captures the length of an Einstein-Rosen bridge and the other captures the center-of-mass collision energy between two particles falling from opposite sides. We track the behavior of these operators up to times of order e S BH , at which point the wavefunction spreads to the complete set of eigenstates of these operators. If these observables are indeed good proxies for the experience of an infalling observer, our results indicate an O(1) probability of detecting a firewall at late times that is self-averaging and universal.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2024)220
