Government and Environmental Innovation in Europe and North America
Name
C23. ashford_eibsee_final.doc
Size
98 KB
Format
Microsoft Word
Checksum (MD5)
72904abceee40360b8a486d18224fd0f
Author(s)
Ashford, Nicholas A.
Date Issued
2004
Abstract
This article challenges certain tenets of the theories of reflexive law and ecological modernization. While far-sighted prevention-oriented and structural changes are needed, some proponents of these theories argue that the very industries and firms that create environmental problems can, through continuous institutional learning; the application of life cycle analysis; dialogue and networks with stakeholders; and implementation of "environmental management systems," be transformed into sustainable industries and firms. While useful, these reforms are insufficient. It is not marginal or incremental changes that are needed for sustainability, but rather major product, process, and system transformations – often beyond the capacity of the dominant industries and firms. This article also questions the alleged failure of regulation to stimulate needed technological changes, and identifies the conditions under which innovation for sustainability can occur. Finally, it discusses differences in needed policies for industrialized and developing countries.
Subjects
ecological modernization
reflexive law
technological innovation
environmental regulation
voluntary agreements
negotiation
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