Harnessing substituent and aggregation-induced effects for color-tunable emission in borafluorenium ions
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d5tc02785c.pdf
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Published version
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2.08 MB
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ec2d38f761ab7246df666c43a7a86107
Author(s)
Frey, Nathan C
Hollister, Kimberly K
Taylor, Caleb C
Jones, Nula
Dickie, Diane A
Gilliard, Robert J
Date Issued
August 26, 2025
Journal
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Citation
Nathan C. Frey, Kimberly K. Hollister, Caleb C. Taylor, Nula Jones, Diane A. Dickie, Robert J. Gilliard; Harnessing substituent and aggregation-induced effects for color-tunable emission in borafluorenium ions. J. Mater. Chem. C 2025; 13 (38): 19778–19787.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Once considered a “laboratory curiosity”, cyclic borenium ions have recently been shown to exhibit tunable emission and stimuli-responsive properties. Utilizing hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane (CDP), a series of borafluorenium and 3,3′-dimethoxyborafluorenium ions were synthesized to determine the impacts of counteranion and substituent effects on the optical properties and stability of borafluorenium ions. Clear relationships were established between structure and properties, with emission wavelengths of the borafluorenium ions ranging from yellow (λem = 559 nm) to red (λem = 650 nm). By employing density functional theory, a possible mechanism for the observed luminescent behavior was proposed. These compounds were shown to exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and significant changes in solid-state emission color when compared to those observed in solution. The AIE properties of a CDP–borafluorenium ion with dimethoxy substitution were further explored by perturbing the temperature in solution, which resulted in a clear shift in emission wavelength from 563 nm (yellow, 20 °C) to 513 nm (green, −90 °C).
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tc02785c
