Revealing the Superfluid Lambda Transition in the Universal Thermodynamics of a Unitary Fermi Gas
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Author(s)
Cheuk, Lawrence W.
Zwierlein, Martin Wolfram
Ku, Mark J. H.
Sommer, Ariel Tjodolv
Date Issued
January 2012
Journal
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Citation
Ku, M. J. H., A. T. Sommer, L. W. Cheuk, and M. W. Zwierlein. "Revealing the Superfluid Lambda Transition in the Universal Thermodynamics of a Unitary Fermi Gas." Science Vol. 335, no. 6068: 563-567.
Version
Original manuscript
Abstract
Fermi gases, collections of fermions such as neutrons and electrons, are found throughout nature, from solids to neutron stars. Interacting Fermi gases can form a superfluid or, for charged fermions, a superconductor. We have observed the superfluid phase transition in a strongly interacting Fermi gas by high-precision measurements of the local compressibility, density, and pressure. Our data completely determine the universal thermodynamics of these gases without any fit or external thermometer. The onset of superfluidity is observed in the compressibility, the chemical potential, the entropy, and the heat capacity, which displays a characteristic lambda-like feature at the critical temperature T[subscript c]/T[subscript F] = 0.167(13). The ground-state energy is 3/5 ξN E[subscript F] with ξ = 0.376(4). Our measurements provide a benchmark for many-body theories of strongly interacting fermions.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics
MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1214987
