Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation
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dan 1 Cziczo et al. Science 2013.pdf
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Author(s)
Cziczo, Daniel James
Froyd, Karl D.
Hoose, Corinna
Jensen, Eric J.
Diao, Minghui
Zondlo, Mark A.
Smith, Jessica B.
Twohy, Cynthia H.
Murphy, Daniel M.
Date Issued
May 2013
Journal
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Citation
Cziczo, D. J., K. D. Froyd, C. Hoose, E. J. Jensen, M. Diao, M. A. Zondlo, J. B. Smith, C. H. Twohy, and D. M. Murphy. “Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation.” Science 340, no. 6138 (June 14, 2013): 1320–1324.
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Author's final manuscript
Abstract
Formation of cirrus clouds depends on the availability of ice nuclei to begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. Although it is known that only a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective have not been established. We have determined in situ the composition of the residual particles within cirrus crystals after the ice was sublimated. Our results demonstrate that mineral dust and metallic particles are the dominant source of residual particles, whereas sulfate and organic particles are underrepresented, and elemental carbon and biological materials are essentially absent. Further, composition analysis combined with relative humidity measurements suggests that heterogeneous freezing was the dominant formation mechanism of these clouds.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234145
